Metasurface-assisted phase-matching-free second harmonic generation in lithium niobate waveguides

Cheng Wang, Zhaoyi Li, Myoung-Hwan Kim, Xiao Xiong, Xi-Feng Ren, Guang-Can Guo, Nanfang Yu () and Marko Lončar ()
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Cheng Wang: Harvard University
Zhaoyi Li: Columbia University
Myoung-Hwan Kim: The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
Xiao Xiong: Harvard University
Xi-Feng Ren: University of Science and Technology of China
Guang-Can Guo: University of Science and Technology of China
Nanfang Yu: Columbia University
Marko Lončar: Harvard University

Nature Communications, 2017, vol. 8, issue 1, 1-7

Abstract: Abstract The phase-matching condition is a key aspect in nonlinear wavelength conversion processes, which requires the momenta of the photons involved in the processes to be conserved. Conventionally, nonlinear phase matching is achieved using either birefringent or periodically poled nonlinear crystals, which requires careful dispersion engineering and is usually narrowband. In recent years, metasurfaces consisting of densely packed arrays of optical antennas have been demonstrated to provide an effective optical momentum to bend light in arbitrary ways. Here, we demonstrate that gradient metasurface structures consisting of phased array antennas are able to circumvent the phase-matching requirement in on-chip nonlinear wavelength conversion. We experimentally demonstrate phase-matching-free second harmonic generation over many coherent lengths in thin film lithium niobate waveguides patterned with the gradient metasurfaces. Efficient second harmonic generation in the metasurface-based devices is observed over a wide range of pump wavelengths (λ = 1580–1650 nm).

Date: 2017
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02189-6

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