A 1-phytase type III effector interferes with plant hormone signaling

Doreen Blüher, Debabrata Laha, Sabine Thieme, Alexandre Hofer, Lennart Eschen-Lippold, Antonia Masch, Gerd Balcke, Igor Pavlovic, Oliver Nagel, Antje Schonsky, Rahel Hinkelmann, Jakob Wörner, Nargis Parvin, Ralf Greiner, Stefan Weber, Alain Tissier, Mike Schutkowski, Justin Lee, Henning Jessen (), Gabriel Schaaf () and Ulla Bonas ()
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Doreen Blüher: Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
Debabrata Laha: University of Bonn
Sabine Thieme: Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
Alexandre Hofer: University of Zurich
Lennart Eschen-Lippold: Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry
Antonia Masch: Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
Gerd Balcke: Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry
Igor Pavlovic: Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg
Oliver Nagel: Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
Antje Schonsky: Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
Rahel Hinkelmann: Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg
Jakob Wörner: Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg
Nargis Parvin: Eberhard Karls University Tübingen
Ralf Greiner: Max-Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food
Stefan Weber: Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg
Alain Tissier: Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry
Mike Schutkowski: Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
Justin Lee: Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry
Henning Jessen: University of Zurich
Gabriel Schaaf: University of Bonn
Ulla Bonas: Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg

Nature Communications, 2017, vol. 8, issue 1, 1-14

Abstract: Abstract Most Gram-negative phytopathogenic bacteria inject type III effector (T3E) proteins into plant cells to manipulate signaling pathways to the pathogen’s benefit. In resistant plants, specialized immune receptors recognize single T3Es or their biochemical activities, thus halting pathogen ingress. However, molecular function and mode of recognition for most T3Es remains elusive. Here, we show that the Xanthomonas T3E XopH possesses phytase activity, i.e., dephosphorylates phytate (myo-inositol-hexakisphosphate, InsP6), the major phosphate storage compound in plants, which is also involved in pathogen defense. A combination of biochemical approaches, including a new NMR-based method to discriminate inositol polyphosphate enantiomers, identifies XopH as a naturally occurring 1-phytase that dephosphorylates InsP6 at C1. Infection of Nicotiana benthamiana and pepper by Xanthomonas results in a XopH-dependent conversion of InsP6 to InsP5. 1-phytase activity is required for XopH-mediated immunity of plants carrying the Bs7 resistance gene, and for induction of jasmonate- and ethylene-responsive genes in N. benthamiana.

Date: 2017
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02195-8

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