Interneuron-specific signaling evokes distinctive somatostatin-mediated responses in adult cortical astrocytes

Letizia Mariotti, Gabriele Losi, Annamaria Lia, Marcello Melone, Angela Chiavegato, Marta Gómez-Gonzalo, Michele Sessolo, Serena Bovetti, Angelo Forli, Micaela Zonta, Linda Maria Requie, Iacopo Marcon, Arianna Pugliese, Cécile Viollet, Bernhard Bettler, Tommaso Fellin, Fiorenzo Conti and Giorgio Carmignoto ()
Additional contact information
Letizia Mariotti: National Research Council (CNR)
Gabriele Losi: National Research Council (CNR)
Annamaria Lia: National Research Council (CNR)
Marcello Melone: Università Politecnica delle Marche
Angela Chiavegato: Università degli Studi di Padova
Marta Gómez-Gonzalo: National Research Council (CNR)
Michele Sessolo: National Research Council (CNR)
Serena Bovetti: Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
Angelo Forli: Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
Micaela Zonta: National Research Council (CNR)
Linda Maria Requie: National Research Council (CNR)
Iacopo Marcon: National Research Council (CNR)
Arianna Pugliese: Università Politecnica delle Marche
Cécile Viollet: Université Paris-Descartes
Bernhard Bettler: University of Basel
Tommaso Fellin: Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
Fiorenzo Conti: Università Politecnica delle Marche
Giorgio Carmignoto: National Research Council (CNR)

Nature Communications, 2018, vol. 9, issue 1, 1-14

Abstract: Abstract The signaling diversity of GABAergic interneurons to post-synaptic neurons is crucial to generate the functional heterogeneity that characterizes brain circuits. Whether this diversity applies to other brain cells, such as the glial cells astrocytes, remains unexplored. Using optogenetics and two-photon functional imaging in the adult mouse neocortex, we here reveal that parvalbumin- and somatostatin-expressing interneurons, two key interneuron classes in the brain, differentially signal to astrocytes inducing weak and robust GABAB receptor-mediated Ca2+ elevations, respectively. Furthermore, the astrocyte response depresses upon parvalbumin interneuron repetitive stimulations and potentiates upon somatostatin interneuron repetitive stimulations, revealing a distinguished astrocyte plasticity. Remarkably, the potentiated response crucially depends on the neuropeptide somatostatin, released by somatostatin interneurons, which activates somatostatin receptors at astrocytic processes. Our study unveils, in the living brain, a hitherto unidentified signaling specificity between interneuron subtypes and astrocytes opening a new perspective into the role of astrocytes as non-neuronal components of inhibitory circuits.

Date: 2018
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02642-6

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