Monovalent manganese based anodes and co-solvent electrolyte for stable low-cost high-rate sodium-ion batteries

Ali Firouzi, Ruimin Qiao, Shahrokh Motallebi, Christian W. Valencia, Hannah S. Israel, Mai Fujimoto, L. Andrew Wray, Yi- De Chuang, Wanli Yang () and Colin D. Wessells ()
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Ali Firouzi: Alveo Energy
Ruimin Qiao: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Shahrokh Motallebi: Alveo Energy
Christian W. Valencia: Alveo Energy
Hannah S. Israel: Alveo Energy
Mai Fujimoto: Alveo Energy
L. Andrew Wray: New York University
Yi- De Chuang: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Wanli Yang: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Colin D. Wessells: Alveo Energy

Nature Communications, 2018, vol. 9, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract The demand of sustainable power supply requires high-performance cost-effective energy storage technologies. Here we report a high-rate long-life low-cost sodium-ion battery full-cell system by innovating both the anode and the electrolyte. The redox couple of manganese(I/II) in Prussian blue analogs enables a high-rate and stable anode. Soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering provide direct evidence suggesting the existence of monovalent manganese in the charged anode. There is a strong hybridization between cyano ligands and manganese-3d states, which benefits the electronic property for improving rate performance. Additionally, we employ an organic–aqueous cosolvent electrolyte to solve the long-standing solubility issue of Prussian blue analogs. A full-cell sodium-ion battery with low-cost Prussian blue analogs in both electrodes and co-solvent electrolyte retains 95% of its initial discharge capacity after 1000 cycles at 1C and 95% depth of discharge. The revealed manganese(I/II) redox couple inspires conceptual innovations of batteries based on atypical oxidation states.

Date: 2018
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03257-1

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