Ultrafast nonlinear optical response of Dirac fermions in graphene

Matthias Baudisch, Andrea Marini, Joel D. Cox, Tony Zhu, Francisco Silva, Stephan Teichmann, Mathieu Massicotte, Frank Koppens, Leonid S. Levitov, F. Javier García de Abajo and Jens Biegert ()
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Matthias Baudisch: The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
Andrea Marini: The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
Joel D. Cox: The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
Tony Zhu: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Francisco Silva: The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
Stephan Teichmann: The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
Mathieu Massicotte: The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
Frank Koppens: The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
Leonid S. Levitov: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
F. Javier García de Abajo: The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
Jens Biegert: The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology

Nature Communications, 2018, vol. 9, issue 1, 1-6

Abstract: Abstract The speed of solid-state electronic devices, determined by the temporal dynamics of charge carriers, could potentially reach unprecedented petahertz frequencies through direct manipulation by optical fields, consisting in a million-fold increase from state-of-the-art technology. In graphene, charge carrier manipulation is facilitated by exceptionally strong coupling to optical fields, from which stems an important back-action of photoexcited carriers. Here we investigate the instantaneous response of graphene to ultrafast optical fields, elucidating the role of hot carriers on sub-100 fs timescales. The measured nonlinear response and its dependence on interaction time and field polarization reveal the back-action of hot carriers over timescales commensurate with the optical field. An intuitive picture is given for the carrier trajectories in response to the optical-field polarization state. We note that the peculiar interplay between optical fields and charge carriers in graphene may also apply to surface states in topological insulators with similar Dirac cone dispersion relations.

Date: 2018
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03413-7

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