Hunting regulation favors slow life histories in a large carnivore

Joanie Van de Walle (), Gabriel Pigeon, Andreas Zedrosser (), Jon E. Swenson and Fanie Pelletier
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Joanie Van de Walle: Université de Sherbrooke
Gabriel Pigeon: Université de Sherbrooke
Andreas Zedrosser: University of Southeast Norway
Jon E. Swenson: Norwegian University of Life Sciences
Fanie Pelletier: Université de Sherbrooke

Nature Communications, 2018, vol. 9, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract As an important extrinsic source of mortality, harvest should select for fast reproduction and accelerated life histories. However, if vulnerability to harvest depends upon female reproductive status, patterns of selectivity could diverge and favor alternative reproductive behaviors. Here, using more than 20 years of detailed data on survival and reproduction in a hunted large carnivore population, we show that protecting females with dependent young, a widespread hunting regulation, provides a survival benefit to females providing longer maternal care. This survival gain compensates for the females’ reduced reproductive output, especially at high hunting pressure, where the fitness benefit of prolonged periods of maternal care outweighs that of shorter maternal care. Our study shows that hunting regulation can indirectly promote slower life histories by modulating the fitness benefit of maternal care tactics. We provide empirical evidence that harvest regulation can induce artificial selection on female life history traits and affect demographic processes.

Date: 2018
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03506-3

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