Structure and evolution of the Fam20 kinases

Hui Zhang, Qinyu Zhu, Jixin Cui, Yuxin Wang, Mark J. Chen, Xing Guo, Vincent S. Tagliabracci, Jack E. Dixon and Junyu Xiao ()
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Hui Zhang: Peking University
Qinyu Zhu: Peking University
Jixin Cui: University of California, San Diego
Yuxin Wang: Peking University
Mark J. Chen: St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
Xing Guo: Zhejiang University
Vincent S. Tagliabracci: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Jack E. Dixon: University of California, San Diego
Junyu Xiao: Peking University

Nature Communications, 2018, vol. 9, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract The Fam20 proteins are novel kinases that phosphorylate secreted proteins and proteoglycans. Fam20C phosphorylates hundreds of secreted proteins and is activated by the pseudokinase Fam20A. Fam20B phosphorylates a xylose residue to regulate proteoglycan synthesis. Despite these wide-ranging and important functions, the molecular and structural basis for the regulation and substrate specificity of these kinases are unknown. Here we report molecular characterizations of all three Fam20 kinases, and show that Fam20C is activated by the formation of an evolutionarily conserved homodimer or heterodimer with Fam20A. Fam20B has a unique active site for recognizing Galβ1-4Xylβ1, the initiator disaccharide within the tetrasaccharide linker region of proteoglycans. We further show that in animals the monomeric Fam20B preceded the appearance of the dimeric Fam20C, and the dimerization trait of Fam20C emerged concomitantly with a change in substrate specificity. Our results provide comprehensive structural, biochemical, and evolutionary insights into the function of the Fam20 kinases.

Date: 2018
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03615-z

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