High power surface emitting terahertz laser with hybrid second- and fourth-order Bragg gratings

Yuan Jin (), Liang Gao, Ji Chen, Chongzhao Wu, John L. Reno and Sushil Kumar ()
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Yuan Jin: Lehigh University
Liang Gao: Lehigh University
Ji Chen: Lehigh University
Chongzhao Wu: Lehigh University
John L. Reno: Center of Integrated Nanotechnologies
Sushil Kumar: Lehigh University

Nature Communications, 2018, vol. 9, issue 1, 1-7

Abstract: Abstract A surface-emitting distributed feedback (DFB) laser with second-order gratings typically excites an antisymmetric mode that has low radiative efficiency and a double-lobed far-field beam. The radiative efficiency could be increased by using curved and chirped gratings for infrared diode lasers, plasmon-assisted mode selection for mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers (QCLs), and graded photonic structures for terahertz QCLs. Here, we demonstrate a new hybrid grating scheme that uses a superposition of second and fourth-order Bragg gratings that excite a symmetric mode with much greater radiative efficiency. The scheme is implemented for terahertz QCLs with metallic waveguides. Peak power output of 170 mW with a slope-efficiency of 993 mW A−1 is detected with robust single-mode single-lobed emission for a 3.4 THz QCL operating at 62 K. The hybrid grating scheme is arguably simpler to implement than aforementioned DFB schemes and could be used to increase power output for surface-emitting DFB lasers at any wavelength.

Date: 2018
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03697-9

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