Artificial two-dimensional polar metal at room temperature

Yanwei Cao (), Zhen Wang, Se Young Park, Yakun Yuan, Xiaoran Liu, Sergey M. Nikitin, Hirofumi Akamatsu, M. Kareev, S. Middey, D. Meyers, P. Thompson, P. J. Ryan, Padraic Shafer, A. N’Diaye, E. Arenholz, Venkatraman Gopalan, Yimei Zhu, Karin M. Rabe and J. Chakhalian
Additional contact information
Yanwei Cao: Rutgers University
Zhen Wang: Louisiana State University
Se Young Park: University of California Berkeley
Yakun Yuan: Pennsylvania State University
Xiaoran Liu: Rutgers University
Sergey M. Nikitin: Pennsylvania State University
Hirofumi Akamatsu: Pennsylvania State University
M. Kareev: Rutgers University
S. Middey: University of Arkansas
D. Meyers: Brookhaven National Laboratory
P. Thompson: European Synchrotron Radiation Facility
P. J. Ryan: Argonne National Laboratory
Padraic Shafer: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
A. N’Diaye: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
E. Arenholz: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Venkatraman Gopalan: Pennsylvania State University
Yimei Zhu: Brookhaven National Laboratory
Karin M. Rabe: Rutgers University
J. Chakhalian: Rutgers University

Nature Communications, 2018, vol. 9, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Polar metals, commonly defined by the coexistence of polar crystal structure and metallicity, are thought to be scarce because the long-range electrostatic fields favoring the polar structure are expected to be fully screened by the conduction electrons of a metal. Moreover, reducing from three to two dimensions, it remains an open question whether a polar metal can exist. Here we report on the realization of a room temperature two-dimensional polar metal of the B-site type in tri-color (tri-layer) superlattices BaTiO3/SrTiO3/LaTiO3. A combination of atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy with electron energy-loss spectroscopy, optical second harmonic generation, electrical transport, and first-principles calculations have revealed the microscopic mechanisms of periodic electric polarization, charge distribution, and orbital symmetry. Our results provide a route to creating all-oxide artificial non-centrosymmetric quasi-two-dimensional metals with exotic quantum states including coexisting ferroelectric, ferromagnetic, and superconducting phases.

Date: 2018
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03964-9

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