Perovskite seeding growth of formamidinium-lead-iodide-based perovskites for efficient and stable solar cells

Yicheng Zhao, Hairen Tan, Haifeng Yuan, Zhenyu Yang, James Z. Fan, Junghwan Kim, Oleksandr Voznyy, Xiwen Gong, Li Na Quan, Chih Shan Tan, Johan Hofkens, Dapeng Yu, Qing Zhao () and Edward H. Sargent ()
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Yicheng Zhao: University of Toronto
Hairen Tan: University of Toronto
Haifeng Yuan: University of Toronto
Zhenyu Yang: University of Toronto
James Z. Fan: University of Toronto
Junghwan Kim: University of Toronto
Oleksandr Voznyy: University of Toronto
Xiwen Gong: University of Toronto
Li Na Quan: University of Toronto
Chih Shan Tan: University of Toronto
Johan Hofkens: KU Leuven
Dapeng Yu: Peking University
Qing Zhao: Peking University
Edward H. Sargent: University of Toronto

Nature Communications, 2018, vol. 9, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract Formamidinium-lead-iodide (FAPbI3)-based perovskites with bandgap below 1.55 eV are of interest for photovoltaics in view of their close-to-ideal bandgap. Record-performance FAPbI3-based solar cells have relied on fabrication via the sequential-deposition method; however, these devices exhibit unstable output under illumination due to the difficulty of incorporating cesium cations (stabilizer) in sequentially deposited films. Here we devise a perovskite seeding method that efficiently incorporates cesium and beneficially modulates perovskite crystallization. First, perovskite seed crystals are embedded in the PbI2 film. The perovskite seeds serve as cesium sources and act as nuclei to facilitate crystallization during the formation of perovskite. Perovskite films with perovskite seeding growth exhibit a lowered trap density, and the resulting planar solar cells achieve stabilized efficiency of 21.5% with a high open-circuit voltage of 1.13 V and a fill factor that exceeds 80%. The Cs-containing FAPbI3-based devices show a striking improvement in operational stability and retain 60% of their initial efficiency after 140 h operation under one sun illumination.

Date: 2018
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04029-7

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