Study of 300,486 individuals identifies 148 independent genetic loci influencing general cognitive function

Gail Davies, Max Lam, Sarah E. Harris, Joey W. Trampush, Michelle Luciano, W. David Hill, Saskia P. Hagenaars, Stuart J. Ritchie, Riccardo E. Marioni, Chloe Fawns-Ritchie, David C. M. Liewald, Judith A. Okely, Ari V. Ahola-Olli, Catriona L. K. Barnes, Lars Bertram, Joshua C. Bis, Katherine E. Burdick, Andrea Christoforou, Pamela DeRosse, Srdjan Djurovic, Thomas Espeseth, Stella Giakoumaki, Sudheer Giddaluru, Daniel E. Gustavson, Caroline Hayward, Edith Hofer, M. Arfan Ikram, Robert Karlsson, Emma Knowles, Jari Lahti, Markus Leber, Shuo Li, Karen A. Mather, Ingrid Melle, Derek Morris, Christopher Oldmeadow, Teemu Palviainen, Antony Payton, Raha Pazoki, Katja Petrovic, Chandra A. Reynolds, Muralidharan Sargurupremraj, Markus Scholz, Jennifer A. Smith, Albert V. Smith, Natalie Terzikhan, Anbupalam Thalamuthu, Stella Trompet, Sven J. Lee, Erin B. Ware, B. Gwen Windham, Margaret J. Wright, Jingyun Yang, Jin Yu, David Ames, Najaf Amin, Philippe Amouyel, Ole A. Andreassen, Nicola J. Armstrong, Amelia A. Assareh, John R. Attia, Deborah Attix, Dimitrios Avramopoulos, David A. Bennett, Anne C. Böhmer, Patricia A. Boyle, Henry Brodaty, Harry Campbell, Tyrone D. Cannon, Elizabeth T. Cirulli, Eliza Congdon, Emily Drabant Conley, Janie Corley, Simon R. Cox, Anders M. Dale, Abbas Dehghan, Danielle Dick, Dwight Dickinson, Johan G. Eriksson, Evangelos Evangelou, Jessica D. Faul, Ian Ford, Nelson A. Freimer, He Gao, Ina Giegling, Nathan A. Gillespie, Scott D. Gordon, Rebecca F. Gottesman, Michael E. Griswold, Vilmundur Gudnason, Tamara B. Harris, Annette M. Hartmann, Alex Hatzimanolis, Gerardo Heiss, Elizabeth G. Holliday, Peter K. Joshi, Mika Kähönen, Sharon L. R. Kardia, Ida Karlsson, Luca Kleineidam, David S. Knopman, Nicole A. Kochan, Bettina Konte, John B. Kwok, Stephanie Hellard, Teresa Lee, Terho Lehtimäki, Shu-Chen Li, Christina M. Lill, Tian Liu, Marisa Koini, Edythe London, Will T. Longstreth, Oscar L. Lopez, Anu Loukola, Tobias Luck, Astri J. Lundervold, Anders Lundquist, Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen, Nicholas G. Martin, Grant W. Montgomery, Alison D. Murray, Anna C. Need, Raymond Noordam, Lars Nyberg, William Ollier, Goran Papenberg, Alison Pattie, Ozren Polasek, Russell A. Poldrack, Bruce M. Psaty, Simone Reppermund, Steffi G. Riedel-Heller, Richard J. Rose, Jerome I. Rotter, Panos Roussos, Suvi P. Rovio, Yasaman Saba, Fred W. Sabb, Perminder S. Sachdev, Claudia L. Satizabal, Matthias Schmid, Rodney J. Scott, Matthew A. Scult, Jeannette Simino, P. Eline Slagboom, Nikolaos Smyrnis, Aïcha Soumaré, Nikos C. Stefanis, David J. Stott, Richard E. Straub, Kjetil Sundet, Adele M. Taylor, Kent D. Taylor, Ioanna Tzoulaki, Christophe Tzourio, André Uitterlinden, Veronique Vitart, Aristotle N. Voineskos, Jaakko Kaprio, Michael Wagner, Holger Wagner, Leonie Weinhold, K. Hoyan Wen, Elisabeth Widen, Qiong Yang, Wei Zhao, Hieab H. H. Adams, Dan E. Arking, Robert M. Bilder, Panos Bitsios, Eric Boerwinkle, Ornit Chiba-Falek, Aiden Corvin, Philip L. Jager, Stéphanie Debette, Gary Donohoe, Paul Elliott, Annette L. Fitzpatrick, Michael Gill, David C. Glahn, Sara Hägg, Narelle K. Hansell, Ahmad R. Hariri, M. Kamran Ikram, J. Wouter Jukema, Eero Vuoksimaa, Matthew C. Keller, William S. Kremen, Lenore Launer, Ulman Lindenberger, Aarno Palotie, Nancy L. Pedersen, Neil Pendleton, David J. Porteous, Katri Räikkönen, Olli T. Raitakari, Alfredo Ramirez, Ivar Reinvang, Igor Rudan, Rujescu, Reinhold Schmidt, Helena Schmidt, Peter W. Schofield, Peter R. Schofield, John M. Starr, Vidar M. Steen, Julian N. Trollor, Steven T. Turner, Cornelia M. Duijn, Arno Villringer, Daniel R. Weinberger, David R. Weir, James F. Wilson, Anil Malhotra, Andrew M. McIntosh, Catharine R. Gale, Sudha Seshadri, Thomas H. Mosley, Jan Bressler, Todd Lencz and Ian J. Deary ()
Additional contact information
Gail Davies: The University of Edinburgh
Max Lam: Institute of Mental Health
Sarah E. Harris: The University of Edinburgh
Joey W. Trampush: BrainWorkup, LLC
Michelle Luciano: The University of Edinburgh
W. David Hill: The University of Edinburgh
Saskia P. Hagenaars: The University of Edinburgh
Stuart J. Ritchie: The University of Edinburgh
Riccardo E. Marioni: The University of Edinburgh
Chloe Fawns-Ritchie: The University of Edinburgh
David C. M. Liewald: The University of Edinburgh
Judith A. Okely: The University of Edinburgh
Ari V. Ahola-Olli: University of Turku
Catriona L. K. Barnes: Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place
Lars Bertram: Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics
Joshua C. Bis: University of Washington
Katherine E. Burdick: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Andrea Christoforou: University of Bergen
Pamela DeRosse: Institute of Mental Health
Srdjan Djurovic: University of Bergen
Thomas Espeseth: University of Oslo
Stella Giakoumaki: University of Crete
Sudheer Giddaluru: University of Bergen
Daniel E. Gustavson: University of California
Caroline Hayward: Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh
Edith Hofer: Medical University of Graz
M. Arfan Ikram: Erasmus University Medical Center
Robert Karlsson: Karolinska Institutet
Emma Knowles: Yale University School of Medicine
Jari Lahti: Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki
Markus Leber: University of Cologne
Shuo Li: Boston University School of Public Health
Karen A. Mather: School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales
Ingrid Melle: University of Bergen
Derek Morris: National University of Ireland Galway
Christopher Oldmeadow: University of Newcastle
Teemu Palviainen: Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki
Antony Payton: The University of Manchester
Raha Pazoki: School of Public Health, Imperial College London
Katja Petrovic: Medical University of Graz
Chandra A. Reynolds: University of California Riverside
Muralidharan Sargurupremraj: University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center
Markus Scholz: Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig
Jennifer A. Smith: University of Michigan
Albert V. Smith: Icelandic Heart Association
Natalie Terzikhan: Erasmus University Medical Center
Anbupalam Thalamuthu: School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales
Stella Trompet: Leiden University Medical Center
Sven J. Lee: Erasmus University Medical Center
Erin B. Ware: Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan
B. Gwen Windham: University of Mississippi Medical Center
Margaret J. Wright: University of Queensland
Jingyun Yang: Rush University Medical Center
Jin Yu: Feinstein Institute for Medical Research
David Ames: Royal Melbourne Hospital
Najaf Amin: Erasmus University Medical Center
Philippe Amouyel: Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-LabEx DISTALZ
Ole A. Andreassen: University of Oslo
Nicola J. Armstrong: Murdoch University
Amelia A. Assareh: School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales
John R. Attia: University of Newcastle
Deborah Attix: Duke University Medical Center
Dimitrios Avramopoulos: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
David A. Bennett: Rush University Medical Center
Anne C. Böhmer: Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn
Patricia A. Boyle: Rush University Medical Center
Henry Brodaty: School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales
Harry Campbell: Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place
Tyrone D. Cannon: Yale University
Elizabeth T. Cirulli: Human Longevity Inc
Eliza Congdon: UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior
Emily Drabant Conley: 23andMe, Inc.
Janie Corley: The University of Edinburgh
Simon R. Cox: The University of Edinburgh
Anders M. Dale: University of California
Abbas Dehghan: School of Public Health, Imperial College London
Danielle Dick: Virginia Commonwealth University
Dwight Dickinson: Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health
Johan G. Eriksson: National Institute for Health and Welfare
Evangelos Evangelou: School of Public Health, Imperial College London
Jessica D. Faul: Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan
Ian Ford: Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow
Nelson A. Freimer: UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior
He Gao: School of Public Health, Imperial College London
Ina Giegling: Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg
Nathan A. Gillespie: Virginia Commonwealth University
Scott D. Gordon: QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute
Rebecca F. Gottesman: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Michael E. Griswold: University of Mississippi Medical Center
Vilmundur Gudnason: Icelandic Heart Association
Tamara B. Harris: Intramural Research Program National Institutes on Aging, National Institutes of Health
Annette M. Hartmann: Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg
Alex Hatzimanolis: National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital
Gerardo Heiss: University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health
Elizabeth G. Holliday: University of Newcastle
Peter K. Joshi: Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place
Mika Kähönen: Tampere University Hospital, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center
Sharon L. R. Kardia: University of Michigan
Ida Karlsson: Karolinska Institutet
Luca Kleineidam: University of Cologne
David S. Knopman: Mayo Clinic
Nicole A. Kochan: School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales
Bettina Konte: Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg
John B. Kwok: Brain and Mind Centre—The University of Sydney
Stephanie Hellard: University of Bergen
Teresa Lee: School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales
Terho Lehtimäki: University of Tampere
Shu-Chen Li: Max Planck Institute for Human Development
Christina M. Lill: University of Lübeck
Tian Liu: Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics
Marisa Koini: Medical University of Graz
Edythe London: UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior
Will T. Longstreth: University of Washington
Oscar L. Lopez: University of Pittsburgh
Anu Loukola: Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki
Tobias Luck: LIFE—Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig
Astri J. Lundervold: University of Bergen
Anders Lundquist: Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University
Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen: University of Tampere
Nicholas G. Martin: QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute
Grant W. Montgomery: QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute
Alison D. Murray: University of Edinburgh
Anna C. Need: Imperial College
Raymond Noordam: Leiden University Medical Center
Lars Nyberg: Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University
William Ollier: Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester
Goran Papenberg: Max Planck Institute for Human Development
Alison Pattie: School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh
Ozren Polasek: Gen-Info LLC
Russell A. Poldrack: Stanford University
Bruce M. Psaty: University of Washington
Simone Reppermund: School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales
Steffi G. Riedel-Heller: Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig
Richard J. Rose: Indiana University
Jerome I. Rotter: Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
Panos Roussos: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Suvi P. Rovio: University of Turku
Yasaman Saba: Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz
Fred W. Sabb: Robert and Beverly Lewis Center for Neuroimaging, University of Oregon
Perminder S. Sachdev: School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales
Claudia L. Satizabal: Boston University School of Medicine
Matthias Schmid: Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital
Rodney J. Scott: University of Newcastle
Matthew A. Scult: Duke University
Jeannette Simino: University of Mississippi Medical Center
P. Eline Slagboom: Leiden University Medical Center
Nikolaos Smyrnis: National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital
Aïcha Soumaré: University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center
Nikos C. Stefanis: National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital
David J. Stott: University of Glasgow
Richard E. Straub: Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus
Kjetil Sundet: University of Oslo
Adele M. Taylor: School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh
Kent D. Taylor: Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
Ioanna Tzoulaki: School of Public Health, Imperial College London
Christophe Tzourio: University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center
André Uitterlinden: Erasmus University Medical Center
Veronique Vitart: Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh
Aristotle N. Voineskos: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto
Jaakko Kaprio: Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki
Michael Wagner: German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)
Holger Wagner: University of Bonn
Leonie Weinhold: Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital
K. Hoyan Wen: Erasmus University Medical Center
Elisabeth Widen: Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki
Qiong Yang: Boston University School of Public Health
Wei Zhao: University of Michigan
Hieab H. H. Adams: Erasmus University Medical Center
Dan E. Arking: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Robert M. Bilder: UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior
Panos Bitsios: University of Crete
Eric Boerwinkle: Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
Ornit Chiba-Falek: Duke University Medical Center
Aiden Corvin: Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin
Philip L. Jager: Columbia University Medical Center
Stéphanie Debette: University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center
Gary Donohoe: National University of Ireland Galway
Paul Elliott: School of Public Health, Imperial College London
Annette L. Fitzpatrick: University of Washington
Michael Gill: Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin
David C. Glahn: Yale University School of Medicine
Sara Hägg: Karolinska Institutet
Narelle K. Hansell: University of Queensland
Ahmad R. Hariri: Duke University
M. Kamran Ikram: Erasmus University Medical Center
J. Wouter Jukema: Leiden University Medical Center
Eero Vuoksimaa: Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki
Matthew C. Keller: Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado
William S. Kremen: University of California
Lenore Launer: Intramural Research Program National Institutes on Aging, National Institutes of Health
Ulman Lindenberger: Max Planck Institute for Human Development
Aarno Palotie: Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki
Nancy L. Pedersen: Karolinska Institutet
Neil Pendleton: Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, and Manchester Medical School, Institute of Brain, Behaviour, and Mental Health, University of Manchester
David J. Porteous: The University of Edinburgh
Katri Räikkönen: Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki
Olli T. Raitakari: University of Turku
Alfredo Ramirez: University of Cologne
Ivar Reinvang: Oslo University Hospital
Igor Rudan: Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place
Rujescu: Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg
Reinhold Schmidt: Medical University of Graz
Helena Schmidt: Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz
Peter W. Schofield: School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle
Peter R. Schofield: Neuroscience Research Australia
John M. Starr: The University of Edinburgh
Vidar M. Steen: University of Bergen
Julian N. Trollor: School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales
Steven T. Turner: Mayo Clinic
Cornelia M. Duijn: Erasmus University Medical Center
Arno Villringer: Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences
Daniel R. Weinberger: Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus
David R. Weir: Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan
James F. Wilson: Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place
Anil Malhotra: Feinstein Institute for Medical Research
Andrew M. McIntosh: The University of Edinburgh
Catharine R. Gale: The University of Edinburgh
Sudha Seshadri: Robert and Beverly Lewis Center for Neuroimaging, University of Oregon
Thomas H. Mosley: University of Mississippi Medical Center
Jan Bressler: Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
Todd Lencz: Feinstein Institute for Medical Research
Ian J. Deary: The University of Edinburgh

Nature Communications, 2018, vol. 9, issue 1, 1-16

Abstract: Abstract General cognitive function is a prominent and relatively stable human trait that is associated with many important life outcomes. We combine cognitive and genetic data from the CHARGE and COGENT consortia, and UK Biobank (total N = 300,486; age 16–102) and find 148 genome-wide significant independent loci (P

Date: 2018
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04362-x

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