Operando monitoring the lithium spatial distribution of lithium metal anodes

Shasha Lv, Tomas Verhallen, Alexandros Vasileiadis, Frans Ooms, Yaolin Xu, Zhaolong Li, Zhengcao Li () and Marnix Wagemaker ()
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Shasha Lv: Delft University of Technology
Tomas Verhallen: Delft University of Technology
Alexandros Vasileiadis: Delft University of Technology
Frans Ooms: Delft University of Technology
Yaolin Xu: Delft University of Technology
Zhaolong Li: Delft University of Technology
Zhengcao Li: Tsinghua University
Marnix Wagemaker: Delft University of Technology

Nature Communications, 2018, vol. 9, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract Electrical mobility demands an increase of battery energy density beyond current lithium-ion technology. A crucial bottleneck is the development of safe and reversible lithium-metal anodes, which is challenged by short circuits caused by lithium-metal dendrites and a short cycle life owing to the reactivity with electrolytes. The evolution of the lithium-metal-film morphology is relatively poorly understood because it is difficult to monitor lithium, in particular during battery operation. Here we employ operando neutron depth profiling as a noninvasive and versatile technique, complementary to microscopic techniques, providing the spatial distribution/density of lithium during plating and stripping. The evolution of the lithium-metal-density-profile is shown to depend on the current density, electrolyte composition and cycling history, and allows monitoring the amount and distribution of inactive lithium over cycling. A small amount of reversible lithium uptake in the copper current collector during plating and stripping is revealed, providing insights towards improved lithium-metal anodes.

Date: 2018
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04394-3

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