Deep 2-photon imaging and artifact-free optogenetics through transparent graphene microelectrode arrays

Martin Thunemann, Yichen Lu, Xin Liu, Kıvılcım Kılıç, Michèle Desjardins, Matthieu Vandenberghe, Sanaz Sadegh, Payam A. Saisan, Qun Cheng, Kimberly L. Weldy, Hongming Lyu, Srdjan Djurovic, Ole A. Andreassen, Anders M. Dale, Anna Devor () and Duygu Kuzum ()
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Martin Thunemann: UCSD
Yichen Lu: UCSD
Xin Liu: UCSD
Kıvılcım Kılıç: UCSD
Michèle Desjardins: UCSD
Matthieu Vandenberghe: UCSD
Sanaz Sadegh: UCSD
Payam A. Saisan: UCSD
Qun Cheng: UCSD
Kimberly L. Weldy: UCSD
Hongming Lyu: UCSD
Srdjan Djurovic: Oslo University Hospital
Ole A. Andreassen: Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo
Anders M. Dale: UCSD
Anna Devor: UCSD
Duygu Kuzum: UCSD

Nature Communications, 2018, vol. 9, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract Recent advances in optical technologies such as multi-photon microscopy and optogenetics have revolutionized our ability to record and manipulate neuronal activity. Combining optical techniques with electrical recordings is of critical importance to connect the large body of neuroscience knowledge obtained from animal models to human studies mainly relying on electrophysiological recordings of brain-scale activity. However, integration of optical modalities with electrical recordings is challenging due to generation of light-induced artifacts. Here we report a transparent graphene microelectrode technology that eliminates light-induced artifacts to enable crosstalk-free integration of 2-photon microscopy, optogenetic stimulation, and cortical recordings in the same in vivo experiment. We achieve fabrication of crack- and residue-free graphene electrode surfaces yielding high optical transmittance for 2-photon imaging down to ~ 1 mm below the cortical surface. Transparent graphene microelectrode technology offers a practical pathway to investigate neuronal activity over multiple spatial scales extending from single neurons to large neuronal populations.

Date: 2018
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04457-5

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