High energy-density and reversibility of iron fluoride cathode enabled via an intercalation-extrusion reaction

Xiulin Fan, Enyuan Hu, Xiao Ji, Yizhou Zhu, Fudong Han, Sooyeon Hwang, Jue Liu, Seongmin Bak, Zhaohui Ma, Tao Gao, Sz-Chian Liou, Jianming Bai, Xiao-Qing Yang, Yifei Mo, Kang Xu, Dong Su () and Chunsheng Wang ()
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Xiulin Fan: University of Maryland
Enyuan Hu: Brookhaven National Laboratory
Xiao Ji: University of Maryland
Yizhou Zhu: University of Maryland
Fudong Han: University of Maryland
Sooyeon Hwang: Brookhaven National Laboratory
Jue Liu: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Seongmin Bak: Brookhaven National Laboratory
Zhaohui Ma: University of Maryland
Tao Gao: University of Maryland
Sz-Chian Liou: University of Maryland
Jianming Bai: Brookhaven National Laboratory
Xiao-Qing Yang: Brookhaven National Laboratory
Yifei Mo: University of Maryland
Kang Xu: U.S. Army Research Laboratory
Dong Su: Brookhaven National Laboratory
Chunsheng Wang: University of Maryland

Nature Communications, 2018, vol. 9, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract Iron fluoride, an intercalation-conversion cathode for lithium ion batteries, promises a high theoretical energy density of 1922 Wh kg–1. However, poor electrochemical reversibility due to repeated breaking/reformation of metal fluoride bonds poses a grand challenge for its practical application. Here we report that both a high reversibility over 1000 cycles and a high capacity of 420 mAh g−1 can be realized by concerted doping of cobalt and oxygen into iron fluoride. In the doped nanorods, an energy density of ~1000 Wh kg−1 with a decay rate of 0.03% per cycle is achieved. The anion’s and cation’s co-substitutions thermodynamically reduce conversion reaction potential and shift the reaction from less-reversible intercalation-conversion reaction in iron fluoride to a highly reversible intercalation-extrusion reaction in doped material. The co-substitution strategy to tune the thermodynamic features of the reactions could be extended to other high energy conversion materials for improved performance.

Date: 2018
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04476-2

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