Hallmarks of primate lentiviral immunodeficiency infection recapitulate loss of innate lymphoid cells

Joseph C. Mudd, Kathleen Busman-Sahay, Sarah R. DiNapoli, Stephen Lai, Virginia Sheik, Andrea Lisco, Claire Deleage, Brian Richardson, David J. Palesch, Mirko Paiardini, Mark Cameron, Irini Sereti, R. Keith Reeves, Jacob D. Estes and Jason M. Brenchley ()
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Joseph C. Mudd: National Institutes of Health
Kathleen Busman-Sahay: Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc
Sarah R. DiNapoli: National Institutes of Health
Stephen Lai: National Institutes of Health
Virginia Sheik: Food and Drug Administration
Andrea Lisco: National Institutes of Health
Claire Deleage: Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc
Brian Richardson: Case Western Reserve University
David J. Palesch: Emory University
Mirko Paiardini: Emory University
Mark Cameron: Case Western Reserve University
Irini Sereti: National Institutes of Health
R. Keith Reeves: Harvard Medical School
Jacob D. Estes: Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc
Jason M. Brenchley: National Institutes of Health

Nature Communications, 2018, vol. 9, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) play critical roles in mucosal barrier defense and tissue homeostasis. While ILCs are depleted in HIV-1 infection, this phenomenon is not a generalized feature of all viral infections. Here we show in untreated SIV-infected rhesus macaques (RMs) that ILC3s are lost rapidly in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), yet preserved in SIV+ RMs with pharmacologic or natural control of viremia. In healthy uninfected RMs, experimental depletion of CD4+ T cells in combination with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) is sufficient to reduce ILC frequencies in the MLN. In this setting and in chronic SIV+ RMs, IL-7Rα chain expression diminishes on ILC3s in contrast to the IL-18Rα chain expression which remains stable. In HIV-uninfected patients with durable CD4+ T cell deficiency (deemed idiopathic CD4+ lymphopenia), similar ILC deficiencies in blood were observed, collectively identifying determinants of ILC homeostasis in primates and potential mechanisms underlying their depletion in HIV/SIV infection.

Date: 2018
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05528-3

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