Understanding how excess lead iodide precursor improves halide perovskite solar cell performance

Byung-wook Park, Nir Kedem, Michael Kulbak, Do Yoon Lee, Woon Seok Yang, Nam Joong Jeon, Jangwon Seo, Geonhwa Kim, Ki Jeong Kim, Tae Joo Shin, Gary Hodes (), David Cahen () and Sang Il Seok ()
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Byung-wook Park: Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
Nir Kedem: Weizmann Institute of Science
Michael Kulbak: Weizmann Institute of Science
Do Yoon Lee: Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
Woon Seok Yang: Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
Nam Joong Jeon: Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)
Jangwon Seo: Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)
Geonhwa Kim: Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)
Ki Jeong Kim: Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)
Tae Joo Shin: Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
Gary Hodes: Weizmann Institute of Science
David Cahen: Weizmann Institute of Science
Sang Il Seok: Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)

Nature Communications, 2018, vol. 9, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract The presence of excess lead iodide in halide perovskites has been key for surpassing 20% photon-to-power conversion efficiency. To achieve even higher power conversion efficiencies, it is important to understand the role of remnant lead iodide in these perovskites. To that end, we explored the mechanism facilitating this effect by identifying the impact of excess lead iodide within the perovskite film on charge diffusion length, using electron-beam-induced current measurements, and on film formation properties, from grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Based on our results, we propose that excess lead iodide in the perovskite precursors can reduce the halide vacancy concentration and lead to formation of azimuthal angle-oriented cubic α-perovskite crystals in-between 0° and 90°. We further identify a higher perovskite carrier concentration inside the nanostructured titanium dioxide layer than in the capping layer. These effects are consistent with enhanced lead iodide-rich perovskite solar cell performance and illustrate the role of lead iodide.

Date: 2018
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05583-w

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