Gut fungal dysbiosis correlates with reduced efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation in Clostridium difficile infection

Tao Zuo, Sunny H. Wong, Chun Pan Cheung, Kelvin Lam, Rashid Lui, Kitty Cheung, Fen Zhang, Whitney Tang, Jessica Y. L. Ching, Justin C. Y. Wu, Paul K. S. Chan, Joseph J. Y. Sung, Jun Yu, Francis K. L. Chan and Siew C. Ng ()
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Tao Zuo: The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Sunny H. Wong: The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Chun Pan Cheung: The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Kelvin Lam: The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Rashid Lui: The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Kitty Cheung: The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Fen Zhang: The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Whitney Tang: The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Jessica Y. L. Ching: The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Justin C. Y. Wu: The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Paul K. S. Chan: The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Joseph J. Y. Sung: The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Jun Yu: The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Francis K. L. Chan: The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Siew C. Ng: The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Nature Communications, 2018, vol. 9, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is effective in treating recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Bacterial colonization in recipients after FMT has been studied, but little is known about the role of the gut fungal community, or mycobiota. Here, we show evidence of gut fungal dysbiosis in CDI, and that donor-derived fungal colonization in recipients is associated with FMT response. CDI is accompanied by over-representation of Candida albicans and decreased fungal diversity, richness, and evenness. Cure after FMT is associated with increased colonization of donor-derived fungal taxa in recipients. Recipients of successful FMT (“responders”) display, after FMT, a high relative abundance of Saccharomyces and Aspergillus, whereas “nonresponders” and individuals treated with antibiotics display a dominant presence of Candida. High abundance of C. albicans in donor stool also correlates with reduced FMT efficacy. Furthermore, C. albicans reduces FMT efficacy in a mouse model of CDI, while antifungal treatment reestablishes its efficacy, supporting a potential causal relationship between gut fungal dysbiosis and FMT outcome.

Date: 2018
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06103-6

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