Macrophage-secreted interleukin-35 regulates cancer cell plasticity to facilitate metastatic colonization

Chih-Chan Lee, Jiunn-Chang Lin, Wei-Lun Hwang, Ying-Ju Kuo, Hung-Kai Chen, Shyh-Kuan Tai, Chun-Chi Lin and Muh-Hwa Yang ()
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Chih-Chan Lee: National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica
Jiunn-Chang Lin: MacKay Memorial Hospital and MacKay Medical College
Wei-Lun Hwang: National Yang-Ming University
Ying-Ju Kuo: Taipei Veterans General Hospital
Hung-Kai Chen: Elixiron Immunotherapeutics Inc.
Shyh-Kuan Tai: Taipei Veterans General Hospital
Chun-Chi Lin: Taipei Veterans General Hospital
Muh-Hwa Yang: National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica

Nature Communications, 2018, vol. 9, issue 1, 1-18

Abstract: Abstract A favorable interplay between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) facilitates the outgrowth of metastatic tumors. Because of the distinct initiating processes between primary and metastatic tumors, we investigate the differences in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) from primary and metastatic cancers. Here we show that dual expression of M1 and M2 markers is noted in TAMs from primary tumors, whereas predominant expression of M2 markers is shown in metastatic TAMs. At metastatic sites, TAMs secrete interleukin-35 (IL-35) to facilitate metastatic colonization through activation of JAK2–STAT6-GATA3 signaling to reverse epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer cells. In primary tumors, inflammation-induced EMT upregulates IL12Rβ2, a subunit of the IL-35 receptor, in cancer cells to help them respond to IL-35 during metastasis. Neutralization of IL-35 or knockout of IL-35 in macrophages reduces metastatic colonization. These results indicate the distinct TMEs of primary and metastatic tumors and provide potential targets for intercepting metastasis.

Date: 2018
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06268-0

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