Uniform doping of graphene close to the Dirac point by polymer-assisted assembly of molecular dopants

Hans He, Kyung Ho Kim, Andrey Danilov, Domenico Montemurro, Liyang Yu, Yung Woo Park, Floriana Lombardi, Thilo Bauch, Kasper Moth-Poulsen, Tihomir Iakimov, Rositsa Yakimova, Per Malmberg, Christian Müller, Sergey Kubatkin and Samuel Lara-Avila ()
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Hans He: Chalmers University of Technology
Kyung Ho Kim: Chalmers University of Technology
Andrey Danilov: Chalmers University of Technology
Domenico Montemurro: Chalmers University of Technology
Liyang Yu: Chalmers University of Technology
Yung Woo Park: Seoul National University
Floriana Lombardi: Chalmers University of Technology
Thilo Bauch: Chalmers University of Technology
Kasper Moth-Poulsen: Chalmers University of Technology
Tihomir Iakimov: Linkoping University
Rositsa Yakimova: Linkoping University
Per Malmberg: Chalmers University of Technology
Christian Müller: Chalmers University of Technology
Sergey Kubatkin: Chalmers University of Technology
Samuel Lara-Avila: Chalmers University of Technology

Nature Communications, 2018, vol. 9, issue 1, 1-7

Abstract: Abstract Tuning the charge carrier density of two-dimensional (2D) materials by incorporating dopants into the crystal lattice is a challenging task. An attractive alternative is the surface transfer doping by adsorption of molecules on 2D crystals, which can lead to ordered molecular arrays. However, such systems, demonstrated in ultra-high vacuum conditions (UHV), are often unstable in ambient conditions. Here we show that air-stable doping of epitaxial graphene on SiC—achieved by spin-coating deposition of 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-tetracyano-quino-dimethane (F4TCNQ) incorporated in poly(methyl-methacrylate)—proceeds via the spontaneous accumulation of dopants at the graphene-polymer interface and by the formation of a charge-transfer complex that yields low-disorder, charge-neutral, large-area graphene with carrier mobilities ~70 000 cm2 V−1 s−1 at cryogenic temperatures. The assembly of dopants on 2D materials assisted by a polymer matrix, demonstrated by spin-coating wafer-scale substrates in ambient conditions, opens up a scalable technological route toward expanding the functionality of 2D materials.

Date: 2018
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06352-5

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