Circuit quantum electrodynamics of granular aluminum resonators

N. Maleeva, L. Grünhaupt, T. Klein, F. Levy-Bertrand, O. Dupre, M. Calvo, F. Valenti, P. Winkel, F. Friedrich, W. Wernsdorfer, A. V. Ustinov, H. Rotzinger, A. Monfardini, M. V. Fistul and I. M. Pop ()
Additional contact information
N. Maleeva: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
L. Grünhaupt: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
T. Klein: Universite Grenoble Alpes, Institut NEEL
F. Levy-Bertrand: Universite Grenoble Alpes, Institut NEEL
O. Dupre: Universite Grenoble Alpes, Institut NEEL
M. Calvo: Universite Grenoble Alpes, Institut NEEL
F. Valenti: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
P. Winkel: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
F. Friedrich: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
W. Wernsdorfer: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
A. V. Ustinov: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
H. Rotzinger: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
A. Monfardini: Universite Grenoble Alpes, Institut NEEL
M. V. Fistul: National University of Science and Technology MISIS
I. M. Pop: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology

Nature Communications, 2018, vol. 9, issue 1, 1-7

Abstract: Abstract Granular aluminum (grAl) is a promising high kinetic inductance material for detectors, amplifiers, and qubits. Here we model the grAl structure, consisting of pure aluminum grains separated by thin aluminum oxide barriers, as a network of Josephson junctions, and we calculate the dispersion relation and nonlinearity (self-Kerr and cross-Kerr coefficients). To experimentally study the electrodynamics of grAl thin films, we measure microwave resonators with open-boundary conditions and test the theoretical predictions in two limits. For low frequencies, we use standard microwave reflection measurements in a low-loss environment. The measured low-frequency modes are in agreement with our dispersion relation model, and we observe self-Kerr coefficients within an order of magnitude from our calculation starting from the grAl microstructure. Using a high-frequency setup, we measure the plasma frequency of the film around 70 GHz, in agreement with the analytical prediction.

Date: 2018
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06386-9

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