A room-temperature sodium–sulfur battery with high capacity and stable cycling performance

Xiaofu Xu, Dong Zhou, Xianying Qin, Kui Lin, Feiyu Kang, Baohua Li (), Devaraj Shanmukaraj, Teofilo Rojo, Michel Armand () and Guoxiu Wang ()
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Xiaofu Xu: Tsinghua University
Dong Zhou: University of Technology Sydney
Xianying Qin: Tsinghua University
Kui Lin: Tsinghua University
Feiyu Kang: Tsinghua University
Baohua Li: Tsinghua University
Devaraj Shanmukaraj: Parque Tecnológico de Álava
Teofilo Rojo: Parque Tecnológico de Álava
Michel Armand: Parque Tecnológico de Álava
Guoxiu Wang: University of Technology Sydney

Nature Communications, 2018, vol. 9, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract High-temperature sodium–sulfur batteries operating at 300–350 °C have been commercially applied for large-scale energy storage and conversion. However, the safety concerns greatly inhibit their widespread adoption. Herein, we report a room-temperature sodium–sulfur battery with high electrochemical performances and enhanced safety by employing a “cocktail optimized” electrolyte system, containing propylene carbonate and fluoroethylene carbonate as co-solvents, highly concentrated sodium salt, and indium triiodide as an additive. As verified by first-principle calculation and experimental characterization, the fluoroethylene carbonate solvent and high salt concentration not only dramatically reduce the solubility of sodium polysulfides, but also construct a robust solid-electrolyte interface on the sodium anode upon cycling. Indium triiodide as redox mediator simultaneously increases the kinetic transformation of sodium sulfide on the cathode and forms a passivating indium layer on the anode to prevent it from polysulfide corrosion. The as-developed sodium–sulfur batteries deliver high capacity and long cycling stability.

Date: 2018
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06443-3

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