Immune-suppression by OsHV-1 viral infection causes fatal bacteraemia in Pacific oysters

Julien Lorgeril, Aude Lucasson, Bruno Petton, Eve Toulza, Caroline Montagnani, Camille Clerissi, Jeremie Vidal-Dupiol, Cristian Chaparro, Richard Galinier, Jean-Michel Escoubas, Philippe Haffner, Lionel Dégremont, Guillaume M. Charrière, Maxime Lafont, Abigaïl Delort, Agnès Vergnes, Marlène Chiarello, Nicole Faury, Tristan Rubio, Marc A. Leroy, Adeline Pérignon, Denis Régler, Benjamin Morga, Marianne Alunno-Bruscia, Pierre Boudry, Frédérique Roux, Delphine Destoumieux-Garzόn, Yannick Gueguen () and Guillaume Mitta ()
Additional contact information
Julien Lorgeril: Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia
Aude Lucasson: Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia
Bruno Petton: UBO/CNRS/IRD/Ifremer
Eve Toulza: Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia
Caroline Montagnani: Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia
Camille Clerissi: Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia
Jeremie Vidal-Dupiol: Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia
Cristian Chaparro: Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia
Richard Galinier: Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia
Jean-Michel Escoubas: Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia
Philippe Haffner: Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia
Lionel Dégremont: Ifremer
Guillaume M. Charrière: Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia
Maxime Lafont: Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia
Abigaïl Delort: Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia
Agnès Vergnes: Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia
Marlène Chiarello: Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, Place E. Bataillon
Nicole Faury: Ifremer
Tristan Rubio: Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia
Marc A. Leroy: Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia
Adeline Pérignon: CRCM, Comité de la Conchyliculture de Méditerranée
Denis Régler: CRCM, Comité de la Conchyliculture de Méditerranée
Benjamin Morga: Ifremer
Marianne Alunno-Bruscia: UBO/CNRS/IRD/Ifremer
Pierre Boudry: CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, ZI pointe du diable, CS 10070
Frédérique Roux: Ifremer
Delphine Destoumieux-Garzόn: Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia
Yannick Gueguen: Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia
Guillaume Mitta: Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia

Nature Communications, 2018, vol. 9, issue 1, 1-14

Abstract: Abstract Infectious diseases are mostly explored using reductionist approaches despite repeated evidence showing them to be strongly influenced by numerous interacting host and environmental factors. Many diseases with a complex aetiology therefore remain misunderstood. By developing a holistic approach to tackle the complexity of interactions, we decipher the complex intra-host interactions underlying Pacific oyster mortality syndrome affecting juveniles of Crassostrea gigas, the main oyster species exploited worldwide. Using experimental infections reproducing the natural route of infection and combining thorough molecular analyses of oyster families with contrasted susceptibilities, we demonstrate that the disease is caused by multiple infection with an initial and necessary step of infection of oyster haemocytes by the Ostreid herpesvirus OsHV-1 µVar. Viral replication leads to the host entering an immune-compromised state, evolving towards subsequent bacteraemia by opportunistic bacteria. We propose the application of our integrative approach to decipher other multifactorial diseases that affect non-model species worldwide.

Date: 2018
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06659-3

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