Relativistic and resonant effects in the ionization of heavy atoms by ultra-intense hard X-rays

Benedikt Rudek, Koudai Toyota, Lutz Foucar, Benjamin Erk, Rebecca Boll, Cédric Bomme, Jonathan Correa, Sebastian Carron, Sébastien Boutet, Garth J. Williams, Ken R. Ferguson, Roberto Alonso-Mori, Jason E. Koglin, Tais Gorkhover, Maximilian Bucher, Carl Stefan Lehmann, Bertold Krässig, Stephen H. Southworth, Linda Young, Christoph Bostedt, Kiyoshi Ueda, Tatiana Marchenko, Marc Simon, Zoltan Jurek, Robin Santra, Artem Rudenko, Sang-Kil Son and Daniel Rolles ()
Additional contact information
Benedikt Rudek: Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt
Koudai Toyota: DESY
Lutz Foucar: Max Planck Institute for Medical Research
Benjamin Erk: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
Rebecca Boll: Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
Cédric Bomme: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
Jonathan Correa: DESY
Sebastian Carron: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
Sébastien Boutet: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
Garth J. Williams: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
Ken R. Ferguson: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
Roberto Alonso-Mori: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
Jason E. Koglin: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
Tais Gorkhover: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
Maximilian Bucher: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
Carl Stefan Lehmann: Argonne National Laboratory
Bertold Krässig: Argonne National Laboratory
Stephen H. Southworth: Argonne National Laboratory
Linda Young: Argonne National Laboratory
Christoph Bostedt: Argonne National Laboratory
Kiyoshi Ueda: Tohoku University
Tatiana Marchenko: Sorbonne Université
Marc Simon: Sorbonne Université
Zoltan Jurek: DESY
Robin Santra: DESY
Artem Rudenko: Kansas State University
Sang-Kil Son: DESY
Daniel Rolles: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)

Nature Communications, 2018, vol. 9, issue 1, 1-6

Abstract: Abstract An accurate description of the interaction of intense hard X-ray pulses with heavy atoms, which is crucial for many applications of free-electron lasers, represents a hitherto unresolved challenge for theory because of the enormous number of electronic configurations and relativistic effects, which need to be taken into account. Here we report results on multiple ionization of xenon atoms by ultra-intense (about 1019 W/cm2) femtosecond X-ray pulses at photon energies from 5.5 to 8.3 keV and present a theoretical model capable of reproducing the experimental data in the entire energy range. Our analysis shows that the interplay of resonant and relativistic effects results in strongly structured charge state distributions, which reflect resonant positions of relativistically shifted electronic levels of highly charged ions created during the X-ray pulse. The theoretical approach described here provides a basis for accurate modeling of radiation damage in hard X-ray imaging experiments on targets with high-Z constituents.

Date: 2018
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06745-6

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