Dimethyl fumarate is an allosteric covalent inhibitor of the p90 ribosomal S6 kinases

Jacob Lauwring Andersen, Borbala Gesser, Erik Daa Funder, Christine Juul Fælled Nielsen, Helle Gotfred-Rasmussen, Mads Kirchheiner Rasmussen, Rachel Toth, Kurt Vesterager Gothelf, J. Simon C. Arthur, Lars Iversen () and Poul Nissen ()
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Jacob Lauwring Andersen: Aarhus University
Borbala Gesser: Aarhus University Hospital
Erik Daa Funder: Aarhus University
Christine Juul Fælled Nielsen: Aarhus University
Helle Gotfred-Rasmussen: Aarhus University
Mads Kirchheiner Rasmussen: Aarhus University Hospital
Rachel Toth: Division of Cell Signaling and Immunology and University of Dundee
Kurt Vesterager Gothelf: Aarhus University
J. Simon C. Arthur: Division of Cell Signaling and Immunology and University of Dundee
Lars Iversen: Aarhus University Hospital
Poul Nissen: Aarhus University

Nature Communications, 2018, vol. 9, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) has been applied for decades in the treatment of psoriasis and now also multiple sclerosis. However, the mechanism of action has remained obscure and involves high dose over long time of this small, reactive compound implicating many potential targets. Based on a 1.9 Å resolution crystal structure of the C-terminal kinase domain of the mouse p90 Ribosomal S6 Kinase 2 (RSK2) inhibited by DMF we describe a central binding site in RSKs and the closely related Mitogen and Stress-activated Kinases (MSKs). DMF reacts covalently as a Michael acceptor to a conserved cysteine residue in the αF-helix of RSK/MSKs. Binding of DMF prevents the activation loop of the kinase from engaging substrate, and stabilizes an auto-inhibitory αL-helix, thus pointing to an effective, allosteric mechanism of kinase inhibition. The biochemical and cell biological characteristics of DMF inhibition of RSK/MSKs are consistent with the clinical protocols of DMF treatment.

Date: 2018
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06787-w

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