A low-gluten diet induces changes in the intestinal microbiome of healthy Danish adults

Lea B. S. Hansen, Henrik M. Roager, Nadja B. Søndertoft, Rikke J. Gøbel, Mette Kristensen, Mireia Vallès-Colomer, Sara Vieira-Silva, Sabine Ibrügger, Mads V. Lind, Rasmus B. Mærkedahl, Martin I. Bahl, Mia L. Madsen, Jesper Havelund, Gwen Falony, Inge Tetens, Trine Nielsen, Kristine H. Allin, Henrik L. Frandsen, Bolette Hartmann, Jens Juul Holst, Morten H. Sparholt, Jesper Holck, Andreas Blennow, Janne Marie Moll, Anne S. Meyer, Camilla Hoppe, Jørgen H. Poulsen, Vera Carvalho, Domenico Sagnelli, Marlene D. Dalgaard, Anders F. Christensen, Magnus Christian Lydolph, Alastair B. Ross, Silas Villas-Bôas, Susanne Brix, Thomas Sicheritz-Pontén, Karsten Buschard, Allan Linneberg, Jüri J. Rumessen, Claus T. Ekstrøm, Christian Ritz, Karsten Kristiansen, H. Bjørn Nielsen, Henrik Vestergaard, Nils J. Færgeman, Jeroen Raes, Hanne Frøkiær, Torben Hansen, Lotte Lauritzen, Ramneek Gupta (), Tine Rask Licht () and Oluf Pedersen ()
Additional contact information
Lea B. S. Hansen: Technical University of Denmark
Henrik M. Roager: Technical University of Denmark
Nadja B. Søndertoft: University of Copenhagen
Rikke J. Gøbel: University of Copenhagen
Mette Kristensen: University of Copenhagen
Mireia Vallès-Colomer: KU Leuven–University of Leuven, Rega Institute
Sara Vieira-Silva: KU Leuven–University of Leuven, Rega Institute
Sabine Ibrügger: University of Copenhagen
Mads V. Lind: University of Copenhagen
Rasmus B. Mærkedahl: University of Copenhagen
Martin I. Bahl: Technical University of Denmark
Mia L. Madsen: University of Copenhagen
Jesper Havelund: University of Southern Denmark
Gwen Falony: KU Leuven–University of Leuven, Rega Institute
Inge Tetens: University of Copenhagen
Trine Nielsen: University of Copenhagen
Kristine H. Allin: University of Copenhagen
Henrik L. Frandsen: Technical University of Denmark
Bolette Hartmann: University of Copenhagen
Jens Juul Holst: University of Copenhagen
Morten H. Sparholt: Bispebjerg Hospital
Jesper Holck: Technical University of Denmark
Andreas Blennow: University of Copenhagen
Janne Marie Moll: Technical University of Denmark
Anne S. Meyer: Technical University of Denmark
Camilla Hoppe: Technical University of Denmark
Jørgen H. Poulsen: Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre
Vera Carvalho: Technical University of Denmark
Domenico Sagnelli: University of Copenhagen
Marlene D. Dalgaard: Technical University of Denmark
Anders F. Christensen: Bispebjerg Hospital
Magnus Christian Lydolph: Statens Serum Institut
Alastair B. Ross: Chalmers University of Technology
Silas Villas-Bôas: The University of Auckland
Susanne Brix: Technical University of Denmark
Thomas Sicheritz-Pontén: Technical University of Denmark
Karsten Buschard: Bartholin Institute, Rigshospitalet
Allan Linneberg: The Capital Region of Denmark
Jüri J. Rumessen: the Capital Region of Denmark
Claus T. Ekstrøm: University of Copenhagen
Christian Ritz: University of Copenhagen
Karsten Kristiansen: University of Copenhagen
H. Bjørn Nielsen: Clinical-Microbiomics A/S
Henrik Vestergaard: University of Copenhagen
Nils J. Færgeman: University of Southern Denmark
Jeroen Raes: KU Leuven–University of Leuven, Rega Institute
Hanne Frøkiær: University of Copenhagen
Torben Hansen: University of Copenhagen
Lotte Lauritzen: University of Copenhagen
Ramneek Gupta: Technical University of Denmark
Tine Rask Licht: Technical University of Denmark
Oluf Pedersen: University of Copenhagen

Nature Communications, 2018, vol. 9, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Abstract Adherence to a low-gluten diet has become increasingly common in parts of the general population. However, the effects of reducing gluten-rich food items including wheat, barley and rye cereals in healthy adults are unclear. Here, we undertook a randomised, controlled, cross-over trial involving 60 middle-aged Danish adults without known disorders with two 8-week interventions comparing a low-gluten diet (2 g gluten per day) and a high-gluten diet (18 g gluten per day), separated by a washout period of at least six weeks with habitual diet (12 g gluten per day). We find that, in comparison with a high-gluten diet, a low-gluten diet induces moderate changes in the intestinal microbiome, reduces fasting and postprandial hydrogen exhalation, and leads to improvements in self-reported bloating. These observations suggest that most of the effects of a low-gluten diet in non-coeliac adults may be driven by qualitative changes in dietary fibres.

Date: 2018
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07019-x

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