Immediate neurophysiological effects of transcranial electrical stimulation

Anli Liu (), Mihály Vöröslakos, Greg Kronberg, Simon Henin, Matthew R. Krause, Yu Huang, Alexander Opitz, Ashesh Mehta, Christopher C. Pack, Bart Krekelberg, Antal Berényi, Lucas C. Parra, Lucia Melloni, Orrin Devinsky and György Buzsáki ()
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Anli Liu: New York University Comprehensive Epilepsy Center
Mihály Vöröslakos: University of Szeged
Greg Kronberg: City College of New York
Simon Henin: New York University Comprehensive Epilepsy Center
Matthew R. Krause: McGill University
Yu Huang: City College of New York
Alexander Opitz: Department of Biomedical Engineering of Minnesota
Ashesh Mehta: Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine
Christopher C. Pack: McGill University
Bart Krekelberg: Rutgers University
Antal Berényi: University of Szeged
Lucas C. Parra: City College of New York
Lucia Melloni: New York University Comprehensive Epilepsy Center
Orrin Devinsky: New York University Comprehensive Epilepsy Center
György Buzsáki: New York University Neuroscience Institute

Nature Communications, 2018, vol. 9, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract Noninvasive brain stimulation techniques are used in experimental and clinical fields for their potential effects on brain network dynamics and behavior. Transcranial electrical stimulation (TES), including transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), has gained popularity because of its convenience and potential as a chronic therapy. However, a mechanistic understanding of TES has lagged behind its widespread adoption. Here, we review data and modelling on the immediate neurophysiological effects of TES in vitro as well as in vivo in both humans and other animals. While it remains unclear how typical TES protocols affect neural activity, we propose that validated models of current flow should inform study design and artifacts should be carefully excluded during signal recording and analysis. Potential indirect effects of TES (e.g., peripheral stimulation) should be investigated in more detail and further explored in experimental designs. We also consider how novel technologies may stimulate the next generation of TES experiments and devices, thus enhancing validity, specificity, and reproducibility.

Date: 2018
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07233-7

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