Contemporaneous radiations of fungi and plants linked to symbiosis

François Lutzoni, Michael D. Nowak, Michael E. Alfaro, Valérie Reeb, Jolanta Miadlikowska, Michael Krug, A. Elizabeth Arnold, Louise A. Lewis, David L. Swofford, David Hibbett, Khidir Hilu, Timothy Y. James, Dietmar Quandt and Susana Magallón ()
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François Lutzoni: Duke University
Michael D. Nowak: University of Oslo
Michael E. Alfaro: University of California
Valérie Reeb: University of Iowa
Jolanta Miadlikowska: Duke University
Michael Krug: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität
A. Elizabeth Arnold: University of Arizona
Louise A. Lewis: University of Connecticut
David L. Swofford: Duke University
David Hibbett: Clark University
Khidir Hilu: Virginia Tech
Timothy Y. James: University of Michigan
Dietmar Quandt: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität
Susana Magallón: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

Nature Communications, 2018, vol. 9, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Interactions between fungi and plants, including parasitism, mutualism, and saprotrophy, have been invoked as key to their respective macroevolutionary success. Here we evaluate the origins of plant-fungal symbioses and saprotrophy using a time-calibrated phylogenetic framework that reveals linked and drastic shifts in diversification rates of each kingdom. Fungal colonization of land was associated with at least two origins of terrestrial green algae and preceded embryophytes (as evidenced by losses of fungal flagellum, ca. 720 Ma), likely facilitating terrestriality through endomycorrhizal and possibly endophytic symbioses. The largest radiation of fungi (Leotiomyceta), the origin of arbuscular mycorrhizae, and the diversification of extant embryophytes occurred ca. 480 Ma. This was followed by the origin of extant lichens. Saprotrophic mushrooms diversified in the Late Paleozoic as forests of seed plants started to dominate the landscape. The subsequent diversification and explosive radiation of Agaricomycetes, and eventually of ectomycorrhizal mushrooms, were associated with the evolution of Pinaceae in the Mesozoic, and establishment of angiosperm-dominated biomes in the Cretaceous.

Date: 2018
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07849-9

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