Revealing internal flow behaviour in arc welding and additive manufacturing of metals

Lee Aucott, Hongbiao Dong (), Wajira Mirihanage, Robert Atwood, Anton Kidess, Shian Gao, Shuwen Wen, John Marsden, Shuo Feng, Mingming Tong, Thomas Connolley, Michael Drakopoulos, Chris R. Kleijn, Ian M. Richardson, David J. Browne, Ragnvald H. Mathiesen and Helen. V. Atkinson
Additional contact information
Lee Aucott: Culham Science Centre
Hongbiao Dong: University of Leicester
Wajira Mirihanage: University of Manchester
Robert Atwood: Diamond Light Source
Anton Kidess: Delft University of Technology
Shian Gao: University of Leicester
Shuwen Wen: Swindon Technology Centre
John Marsden: Swindon Technology Centre
Shuo Feng: University of Leicester
Mingming Tong: University College Dublin
Thomas Connolley: Diamond Light Source
Michael Drakopoulos: Diamond Light Source
Chris R. Kleijn: Delft University of Technology
Ian M. Richardson: Delft University of Technology
David J. Browne: University College Dublin
Ragnvald H. Mathiesen: The Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Helen. V. Atkinson: University of Leicester

Nature Communications, 2018, vol. 9, issue 1, 1-7

Abstract: Abstract Internal flow behaviour during melt-pool-based metal manufacturing remains unclear and hinders progression to process optimisation. In this contribution, we present direct time-resolved imaging of melt pool flow dynamics from a high-energy synchrotron radiation experiment. We track internal flow streams during arc welding of steel and measure instantaneous flow velocities ranging from 0.1 m s−1 to 0.5 m s−1. When the temperature-dependent surface tension coefficient is negative, bulk turbulence is the main flow mechanism and the critical velocity for surface turbulence is below the limits identified in previous theoretical studies. When the alloy exhibits a positive temperature-dependent surface tension coefficient, surface turbulence occurs and derisory oxides can be entrapped within the subsequent solid as result of higher flow velocities. The widely used arc welding and the emerging arc additive manufacturing routes can be optimised by controlling internal melt flow through adjusting surface active elements.

Date: 2018
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:nat:natcom:v:9:y:2018:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-018-07900-9

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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07900-9

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