Origin and evolution of qingke barley in Tibet

Xingquan Zeng, Yu Guo, Qijun Xu, Martin Mascher, Ganggang Guo, Shuaicheng Li, Likai Mao, Qingfeng Liu, Zhanfeng Xia, Juhong Zhou, Hongjun Yuan, Shuaishuai Tai, Yulin Wang, Zexiu Wei, Li Song, Sang Zha, Shiming Li, Yawei Tang, Lijun Bai, Zhenhua Zhuang, Weiming He, Shancen Zhao, Xiaodong Fang, Qiang Gao, Ye Yin, Jian Wang, Huanming Yang, Jing Zhang, Robert J. Henry, Nils Stein () and Nyima Tashi ()
Additional contact information
Xingquan Zeng: State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement
Yu Guo: BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen
Qijun Xu: State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement
Martin Mascher: Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben
Ganggang Guo: Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences
Shuaicheng Li: City University of Hong Kong
Likai Mao: BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen
Qingfeng Liu: BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen
Zhanfeng Xia: BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen
Juhong Zhou: BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen
Hongjun Yuan: State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement
Shuaishuai Tai: BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen
Yulin Wang: State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement
Zexiu Wei: State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement
Li Song: BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen
Sang Zha: State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement
Shiming Li: BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen
Yawei Tang: State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement
Lijun Bai: Chengdu Life Baseline Technology Co., Ltd.
Zhenhua Zhuang: Chengdu Life Baseline Technology Co., Ltd.
Weiming He: BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen
Shancen Zhao: BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen
Xiaodong Fang: BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen
Qiang Gao: BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen
Ye Yin: BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen
Jian Wang: BGI-Shenzhen
Huanming Yang: BGI-Shenzhen
Jing Zhang: Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences
Robert J. Henry: University of Queensland
Nils Stein: Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben
Nyima Tashi: State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement

Nature Communications, 2018, vol. 9, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Tibetan barley (Hordeum vulgare L., qingke) is the principal cereal cultivated on the Tibetan Plateau for at least 3,500 years, but its origin and domestication remain unclear. Here, based on deep-coverage whole-genome and published exome-capture resequencing data for a total of 437 accessions, we show that contemporary qingke is derived from eastern domesticated barley and it is introduced to southern Tibet most likely via north Pakistan, India, and Nepal between 4,500 and 3,500 years ago. The low genetic diversity of qingke suggests Tibet can be excluded as a center of origin or domestication for barley. The rapid decrease in genetic diversity from eastern domesticated barley to qingke can be explained by a founder effect from 4,500 to 2,000 years ago. The haplotypes of the five key domestication genes of barley support a feral or hybridization origin for Tibetan weedy barley and reject the hypothesis of native Tibetan wild barley.

Date: 2018
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07920-5

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