Scalable fabrication of wide-bandgap perovskites using green solvents for tandem solar cells

Chenyang Duan, Han Gao, Ke Xiao (), Vishal Yeddu, Bo Wang, Renxing Lin, Hongfei Sun, Pu Wu, Yameen Ahmed, Anh Dinh Bui, Xuntian Zheng, Yurui Wang, Jin Wen, Yinke Wang, Wennan Ou, Chenshuaiyu Liu, Yuhong Zhang, Hieu Nguyen, Haowen Luo, Ludong Li, Ye Liu, Xin Luo, Makhsud I. Saidaminov () and Hairen Tan ()
Additional contact information
Chenyang Duan: Nanjing University
Han Gao: Nanjing University
Ke Xiao: Nanjing University
Vishal Yeddu: University of Victoria
Bo Wang: Nanjing University
Renxing Lin: Nanjing University
Hongfei Sun: Nanjing University
Pu Wu: Nanjing University
Yameen Ahmed: University of Victoria
Anh Dinh Bui: The Australian National University
Xuntian Zheng: Nanjing University
Yurui Wang: Nanjing University
Jin Wen: Nanjing University
Yinke Wang: Nanjing University
Wennan Ou: Nanjing University
Chenshuaiyu Liu: Nanjing University
Yuhong Zhang: Nanjing University
Hieu Nguyen: The Australian National University
Haowen Luo: Nanjing University
Ludong Li: Nanjing University
Ye Liu: Renshine Solar (Suzhou) Co., Ltd
Xin Luo: Renshine Solar (Suzhou) Co., Ltd
Makhsud I. Saidaminov: University of Victoria
Hairen Tan: Nanjing University

Nature Energy, 2025, vol. 10, issue 3, 318-328

Abstract: Abstract Commercializing perovskite-based tandems necessitates environmentally friendly solvents for scalable fabrication of efficient wide-bandgap (WBG) (1.65–1.80 eV) perovskites. However, the green solvents developed for formamidinium lead iodide-based ~1.50-eV-bandgap perovskites are unsuitable for WBG perovskites due to the low solubility of caesium and bromide salts, leading to reliance on toxic N,N-dimethylformamide solvent. Here we present a green solvent system comprising dimethyl sulfoxide and acetonitrile to effectively dissolve the named salts, with the addition of ethyl alcohol to prevent precursor degradation and to extend the solution processing window. Using this green solvent mixture, we achieve blade-coated WBG perovskite solar cells with power conversion efficiencies of 19.6% (1.78 eV) and 21.5% (1.68 eV). We then demonstrate 20.25-cm2 all-perovskite tandem solar modules with a power conversion efficiency of 23.8%. Furthermore, we achieved WBG perovskites deposited in ambient air and narrow-bandgap perovskites fabricated using the same green solvents, which promotes the viability of environmentally friendly fabrication.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01672-x

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