Conformally coated scaffold design using water-tolerant Pr1.8Ba0.2NiO4.1 for protonic ceramic electrochemical cells with 5,000-h electrolysis stability

Hanchen Tian, Wei Li (), Yueh-Lin Lee, Hongkui Zheng, Qingyuan Li, Liang Ma, Debangsu Bhattacharyya, Xiujuan Chen, Dawei Zhang, Guosheng Li, Yi Wang, Li Li, Qingsong Wang, Fang Xia, Muhammet Kartal, Zhuozhao Shao, Matthew R. Rowles, Wenyuan Li, Wissam A. Saidi, Cijie Liu, Xuemei Li, Jian Luo, Xiaolin Li, Kai He () and Xingbo Liu ()
Additional contact information
Hanchen Tian: West Virginia University
Wei Li: West Virginia University
Yueh-Lin Lee: National Energy Technology Laboratory
Hongkui Zheng: University of California
Qingyuan Li: West Virginia University
Liang Ma: West Virginia University
Debangsu Bhattacharyya: West Virginia University
Xiujuan Chen: West Virginia University
Dawei Zhang: University of California San Diego
Guosheng Li: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Yi Wang: West Virginia University
Li Li: University of Bayreuth
Qingsong Wang: University of Bayreuth
Fang Xia: Murdoch University
Muhammet Kartal: Murdoch University
Zhuozhao Shao: Xi’an Jiaotong University
Matthew R. Rowles: Curtin University
Wenyuan Li: West Virginia University
Wissam A. Saidi: National Energy Technology Laboratory
Cijie Liu: West Virginia University
Xuemei Li: West Virginia University
Jian Luo: University of California San Diego
Xiaolin Li: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Kai He: University of California
Xingbo Liu: West Virginia University

Nature Energy, 2025, vol. 10, issue 7, 890-903

Abstract: Abstract Protonic ceramic electrochemical cells (PCECs) have potential as long-duration energy storage systems. However, their operational stability is limited under industrially relevant conditions due to the intrinsic chemical instability of doped barium cerate-based electrolytes and oxygen electrodes against H2O, as well as the poor electrode–electrolyte interfacial contact. Here we present a conformally coated scaffold (CCS) design to comprehensively address these issues. A porous proton-conducting scaffold is constructed and conformally coated with Pr1.8Ba0.2NiO4.1 electrocatalyst, which has high chemical stability against H2O, triple conductivity and hydration capability, and protects vulnerable electrolytes from H2O. The CCS structure consolidates the electrode–electrolyte interfacial bonding to enable fast proton transfer in the percolated network. This design enables PCECs to reach electrolysis stability for 5,000 h at −1.5 A cm−2 and 600 °C in 40% H2O. This work provides a general strategy to stabilize PCECs and offers guidance for designing resilient and stable solid-state energy storage systems.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41560-025-01800-1

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