Enhancing hole-conductor-free, printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells through post-fabrication treatment via electrophilic reaction

Yongming Ma, Jiale Liu, Xiayan Chen, Xinran Zhao, Jianhang Qi, Bin She, Shuang Liu, Youyu Jiang, Yusong Sheng, Chuanzhou Han, Guodong Zhang, Jiayu Xie, Kai Chen, Yanjie Cheng, Junwei Xiang, Li-Ming Yang, Yang Zhou, Furi Ling, Yinhua Zhou, Anyi Mei () and Hongwei Han ()
Additional contact information
Yongming Ma: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Jiale Liu: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Xiayan Chen: WonderSolar Institute
Xinran Zhao: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Jianhang Qi: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Bin She: WonderSolar Institute
Shuang Liu: WonderSolar Institute
Youyu Jiang: WonderSolar Institute
Yusong Sheng: WonderSolar Institute
Chuanzhou Han: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Guodong Zhang: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Jiayu Xie: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Kai Chen: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Yanjie Cheng: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Junwei Xiang: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Li-Ming Yang: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Yang Zhou: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Furi Ling: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Yinhua Zhou: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Anyi Mei: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Hongwei Han: Huazhong University of Science and Technology

Nature Energy, 2025, vol. 10, issue 9, 1084-1094

Abstract: Abstract Hole-conductor-free printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells, fabricated by infiltrating perovskite into the preprinted porous TiO2/ZrO2/carbon triple-layer scaffold, offer an approach for the industrial production of photovoltaic panels. Here we introduce a reactive post-processing strategy using hexamethylene diisocyanate to enable efficient collection and transport of holes from the perovskite to the carbon electrode. Hexamethylene diisocyanate reacts with excess organic cations at the perovskite crystal terminations through an electrophilic reaction and reconstructs the grain boundaries and the back interface. The treatment passivates defects, facilitates hole transport in perovskite and enhances hole transfer from the perovskite to the carbon electrode. We achieve an efficiency of 23.2% for the laboratory-size device with an aperture area of 0.1 cm2 and 19.4% for the minimodule with an aperture area of 57.3 cm2. The devices retain 95% of their initial efficiency after 900 h of continuous operation at the maximum power point under elevated temperatures of 55 ± 5 °C.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41560-025-01823-8

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