Covariance of interphasic properties and fast chargeability of energy-dense lithium metal batteries

Hyeokjin Kwon, Seongyeong Kim, Jonghyun Hyun, Ha Eun Lee, Seong Su Kim, Yesom Kim, Il Ju Kim, Kyungjae Shin, Sejin Kim, Changhoon Park, Hongsin Kim, Dongseok Shin and Hee-Tak Kim ()
Additional contact information
Hyeokjin Kwon: KAIST
Seongyeong Kim: KAIST
Jonghyun Hyun: KAIST
Ha Eun Lee: KAIST
Seong Su Kim: KAIST
Yesom Kim: KAIST
Il Ju Kim: KAIST
Kyungjae Shin: KAIST
Sejin Kim: KAIST
Changhoon Park: KAIST
Hongsin Kim: LG Energy Solution
Dongseok Shin: LG Energy Solution
Hee-Tak Kim: KAIST

Nature Energy, 2025, vol. 10, issue 9, 1132-1145

Abstract: Abstract Lithium metal batteries can achieve high energy density, alleviating range anxiety for electric vehicles. However, the rational interphase design under fast charging conditions remains difficult. Here we explore a series of pyran-based electrolytes with various substitutional anions under a fast charging condition and observe weakly Li+-associating anions facilitating uniform lithium plating under a fast charging condition. We demonstrate lithium metal batteries achieving a 5–70% state of charge (SoC) within 12 min over 350 repeated cycles at a 4C (8.4 mA cm−2) charging rate, as well as high-energy designs delivering projected energy densities of 386 Wh kg−1 reaching a 10–80% SoC within 17 min over 180 cycles. We propose that the improved fast charging performance is in tandem with the ability of the weakly Li+ associating anions to suppress inorganic species clustering within the solid–electrolyte interphase and demonstrate the potential for electrolyte advancement based on the proposed mechanism.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41560-025-01838-1

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