Self-formed grain boundary healing layer for highly efficient CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells

Dae-Yong Son, Jin-Wook Lee, Yung Ji Choi, In-Hyuk Jang, Seonhee Lee, Pil J. Yoo, Hyunjung Shin (), Namyoung Ahn, Mansoo Choi, Dongho Kim () and Nam-Gyu Park ()
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Dae-Yong Son: Sungkyunkwan University
Jin-Wook Lee: Sungkyunkwan University
Yung Ji Choi: Yonsei University
In-Hyuk Jang: Sungkyunkwan University
Seonhee Lee: Sungkyunkwan University
Pil J. Yoo: School of Chemical Engineering and SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology, Sungkyunkwan University
Hyunjung Shin: Sungkyunkwan University
Namyoung Ahn: Seoul National University
Mansoo Choi: Seoul National University
Dongho Kim: Yonsei University
Nam-Gyu Park: Sungkyunkwan University

Nature Energy, 2016, vol. 1, issue 7, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract Perovskite solar cells have attracted significant research efforts due to their remarkable performance, with certified power conversion efficiency now reaching 22%. Solution-processed perovskite thin films are polycrystalline, and grain boundaries are thought to be responsible for causing recombination and trapping of charge carriers. Here we report an effective and reproducible way of treating grain boundaries in CH3NH3PbI3 films deposited by means of a Lewis acid–base adduct approach. We show by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy lattice images that adding 6 mol% excess CH3NH3I to the precursor solution resulted in a CH3NH3I layer forming at the grain boundaries. This layer is responsible for suppressing non-radiative recombination and improving hole and electron extraction at the grain boundaries by forming highly ionic-conducting pathways. We report an average power conversion efficiency of 20.1% over 50 cells (best cell at 20.4%) together with significantly reduced current–voltage hysteresis achieved by this grain boundary healing process.

Date: 2016
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DOI: 10.1038/nenergy.2016.81

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