Harvesting low-grade heat energy using thermo-osmotic vapour transport through nanoporous membranes

Anthony P. Straub, Ngai Yin Yip, Shihong Lin, Jongho Lee and Menachem Elimelech ()
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Anthony P. Straub: Yale University
Ngai Yin Yip: Columbia University
Shihong Lin: Vanderbilt University
Jongho Lee: Yale University
Menachem Elimelech: Yale University

Nature Energy, 2016, vol. 1, issue 7, 1-6

Abstract: Abstract Low-grade heat from sources below 100 ∘C offers a vast quantity of energy. The ability to extract this energy, however, is limited with existing technologies as they are not well-suited to harvest energy from sources with variable heat output or with a small temperature difference between the source and the environment. Here, we present a process for extracting energy from low-grade heat sources utilizing hydrophobic, nanoporous membranes that trap air within their pores when submerged in a liquid. By driving a thermo-osmotic vapour flux across the membrane from a hot reservoir to a pressurized cold reservoir, heat energy can be converted to mechanical work. We demonstrate operation of air-trapping membranes under hydraulic pressures up to 13 bar, show that power densities as high as 3.53 ± 0.29 W m−2 are achievable with a 60 ∘C heat source and a 20 ∘C heat sink, and estimate the efficiency of a full-scale system. The results demonstrate a promising process to harvest energy from low-temperature differences (

Date: 2016
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DOI: 10.1038/nenergy.2016.90

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