Anion-redox nanolithia cathodes for Li-ion batteries

Zhi Zhu, Akihiro Kushima, Zongyou Yin, Lu Qi (), Khalil Amine, Jun Lu () and Ju Li ()
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Zhi Zhu: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Akihiro Kushima: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Zongyou Yin: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Lu Qi: College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University
Khalil Amine: Argonne National Laboratory
Jun Lu: Argonne National Laboratory
Ju Li: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Nature Energy, 2016, vol. 1, issue 8, 1-7

Abstract: Abstract The development of lithium–air batteries is plagued by a high potential gap (>1.2 V) between charge and discharge, and poor cyclability due to the drastic phase change of O2 (gas) and Ox− (condensed phase) at the cathode during battery operations. Here we report a cathode consisting of nanoscale amorphous lithia (nanolithia) confined in a cobalt oxide, enabling charge/discharge between solid Li2O/Li2O2/LiO2 without any gas evolution. The cathode has a theoretical capacity of 1,341 Ah kg−1, a mass density exceeding 2.2 g cm−3, and a practical discharge capacity of 587 Ah kg−1 at 2.55 V versus Li/Li+. It also displays stable cycling performance (only 1.8% loss after 130 cycles in lithium-matched full-cell tests against Li4Ti5O12 anode), as well as a round-trip overpotential of only 0.24 V. Interestingly, the cathode is automatically protected from O2 gas release and overcharging through the shuttling of self-generated radical species soluble in the carbonate electrolyte.

Date: 2016
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DOI: 10.1038/nenergy.2016.111

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