Facet-dependent photovoltaic efficiency variations in single grains of hybrid halide perovskite

Sibel Y. Leblebici, Linn Leppert, Yanbo Li, Sebastian E. Reyes-Lillo, Sebastian Wickenburg, Ed Wong, Jiye Lee, Mauro Melli, Dominik Ziegler, Daniel K. Angell, D. Frank Ogletree, Paul D. Ashby, Francesca M. Toma, Jeffrey B. Neaton, Ian D. Sharp () and Alexander Weber-Bargioni ()
Additional contact information
Sibel Y. Leblebici: The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Linn Leppert: The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Yanbo Li: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Sebastian E. Reyes-Lillo: The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Sebastian Wickenburg: The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Ed Wong: The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Jiye Lee: The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Mauro Melli: The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Dominik Ziegler: The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Daniel K. Angell: The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
D. Frank Ogletree: The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Paul D. Ashby: The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Francesca M. Toma: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Jeffrey B. Neaton: The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Ian D. Sharp: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Alexander Weber-Bargioni: The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Nature Energy, 2016, vol. 1, issue 8, 1-7

Abstract: Abstract Photovoltaic devices based on hybrid perovskite materials have exceeded 22% efficiency due to high charge-carrier mobilities and lifetimes. Properties such as photocurrent generation and open-circuit voltage are influenced by the microscopic structure and orientation of the perovskite crystals, but are difficult to quantify on the intra-grain length scale and are often treated as homogeneous within the active layer. Here, we map the local short-circuit photocurrent, open-circuit photovoltage, and dark drift current in state-of-the-art methylammonium lead iodide solar cells using photoconductive atomic force microscopy. We find, within individual grains, spatially correlated heterogeneity in short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage up to 0.6 V. These variations are related to different crystal facets and have a direct impact on the macroscopic power conversion efficiency. We attribute this heterogeneity to a facet-dependent density of trap states. These results imply that controlling crystal grain and facet orientation will enable a systematic optimization of polycrystalline and single-crystal devices for photovoltaic and lighting applications.

Date: 2016
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DOI: 10.1038/nenergy.2016.93

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