23.6%-efficient monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells with improved stability

Kevin A. Bush, Axel F. Palmstrom, Zhengshan J. Yu, Mathieu Boccard, Rongrong Cheacharoen, Jonathan P. Mailoa, David P. McMeekin, Robert L. Z. Hoye, Colin D. Bailie, Tomas Leijtens, Ian Marius Peters, Maxmillian C. Minichetti, Nicholas Rolston, Rohit Prasanna, Sarah Sofia, Duncan Harwood, Wen Ma, Farhad Moghadam, Henry J. Snaith, Tonio Buonassisi, Zachary C. Holman (), Stacey F. Bent and Michael D. McGehee ()
Additional contact information
Kevin A. Bush: Stanford University
Axel F. Palmstrom: Stanford University
Zhengshan J. Yu: Arizona State University
Mathieu Boccard: Arizona State University
Rongrong Cheacharoen: Stanford University
Jonathan P. Mailoa: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
David P. McMeekin: University of Oxford
Robert L. Z. Hoye: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Colin D. Bailie: Stanford University
Tomas Leijtens: Stanford University
Ian Marius Peters: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Maxmillian C. Minichetti: Stanford University
Nicholas Rolston: Stanford University
Rohit Prasanna: Stanford University
Sarah Sofia: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Duncan Harwood: D2 Solar LLC
Wen Ma: Sunpreme
Farhad Moghadam: Sunpreme
Henry J. Snaith: University of Oxford
Tonio Buonassisi: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Zachary C. Holman: Arizona State University
Stacey F. Bent: Stanford University
Michael D. McGehee: Stanford University

Nature Energy, 2017, vol. 2, issue 4, 1-7

Abstract: Abstract As the record single-junction efficiencies of perovskite solar cells now rival those of copper indium gallium selenide, cadmium telluride and multicrystalline silicon, they are becoming increasingly attractive for use in tandem solar cells due to their wide, tunable bandgap and solution processability. Previously, perovskite/silicon tandems were limited by significant parasitic absorption and poor environmental stability. Here, we improve the efficiency of monolithic, two-terminal, 1-cm2 perovskite/silicon tandems to 23.6% by combining an infrared-tuned silicon heterojunction bottom cell with the recently developed caesium formamidinium lead halide perovskite. This more-stable perovskite tolerates deposition of a tin oxide buffer layer via atomic layer deposition that prevents shunts, has negligible parasitic absorption, and allows for the sputter deposition of a transparent top electrode. Furthermore, the window layer doubles as a diffusion barrier, increasing the thermal and environmental stability to enable perovskite devices that withstand a 1,000-hour damp heat test at 85 ∘C and 85% relative humidity.

Date: 2017
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DOI: 10.1038/nenergy.2017.9

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