Perovskite ink with wide processing window for scalable high-efficiency solar cells

Mengjin Yang, Zhen Li, Matthew O. Reese, Obadiah G. Reid, Dong Hoe Kim, Sebastian Siol, Talysa R. Klein, Yanfa Yan, Joseph J. Berry, Maikel F. A. M. van Hest () and Kai Zhu ()
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Mengjin Yang: Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Zhen Li: Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Matthew O. Reese: Material Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Obadiah G. Reid: Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Dong Hoe Kim: Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Sebastian Siol: Material Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Talysa R. Klein: Material Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Yanfa Yan: The University of Toledo
Joseph J. Berry: Material Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Maikel F. A. M. van Hest: Material Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Kai Zhu: Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Nature Energy, 2017, vol. 2, issue 5, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Perovskite solar cells have made tremendous progress using laboratory-scale spin-coating methods in the past few years owing to advances in controls of perovskite film deposition. However, devices made via scalable methods are still lagging behind state-of-the-art spin-coated devices because of the complicated nature of perovskite crystallization from a precursor state. Here we demonstrate a chlorine-containing methylammonium lead iodide precursor formulation along with solvent tuning to enable a wide precursor-processing window (up to ∼8 min) and a rapid grain growth rate (as short as ∼1 min). Coupled with antisolvent extraction, this precursor ink delivers high-quality perovskite films with large-scale uniformity. The ink can be used by both spin-coating and blade-coating methods with indistinguishable film morphology and device performance. Using a blade-coated absorber, devices with 0.12-cm2 and 1.2-cm2 areas yield average efficiencies of 18.55% and 17.33%, respectively. We further demonstrate a 12.6-cm2 four-cell module (88% geometric fill factor) with 13.3% stabilized active-area efficiency output.

Date: 2017
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DOI: 10.1038/nenergy.2017.38

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