Burning lithium in CS2 for high-performing compact Li2S–graphene nanocapsules for Li–S batteries

Guoqiang Tan, Rui Xu, Zhenyu Xing, Yifei Yuan, Jun Lu (), Jianguo Wen, Cong Liu, Lu Ma, Chun Zhan, Qi Liu, Tianpin Wu, Zelang Jian, Reza Shahbazian-Yassar, Yang Ren, Dean J. Miller, Larry A. Curtiss, Xiulei Ji () and Khalil Amine ()
Additional contact information
Guoqiang Tan: Argonne National Laboratory
Rui Xu: Argonne National Laboratory
Zhenyu Xing: Oregon State University
Yifei Yuan: The University of Illinois at Chicago
Jun Lu: Argonne National Laboratory
Jianguo Wen: Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory
Cong Liu: Argonne National Laboratory
Lu Ma: Argonne National Laboratory
Chun Zhan: Argonne National Laboratory
Qi Liu: Argonne National Laboratory
Tianpin Wu: Argonne National Laboratory
Zelang Jian: Oregon State University
Reza Shahbazian-Yassar: The University of Illinois at Chicago
Yang Ren: Argonne National Laboratory
Dean J. Miller: Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory
Larry A. Curtiss: Argonne National Laboratory
Xiulei Ji: Oregon State University
Khalil Amine: Argonne National Laboratory

Nature Energy, 2017, vol. 2, issue 7, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract Tremendous efforts have been made to design the cathode of Li–S batteries to improve their energy density and cycling life. However, challenges remain in achieving fast electronic and ionic transport while accommodating the significant cathode volumetric change, especially for the cathode with a high practical mass loading. Here we report a cathode architecture, which is constructed by burning lithium foils in a CS2 vapour. The obtained structure features crystalline Li2S nanoparticles wrapped by few-layer graphene (Li2S@graphene nanocapsules). Because of the improvement on the volumetric efficiency for accommodating sulfur active species and electrical properties, the cathode design enables promising electrochemical performance. More notably, at a loading of 10 mgLi2S cm−2, the electrode exhibits a high reversible capacity of 1,160 mAh g−1s, namely, an area capacity of 8.1 mAh cm−2. Li2S@graphene cathode demonstrates a great potential for Li-ion batteries, where the Li2S@graphene-cathode//graphite-anode cell displays a high capacity of 730 mAh g−1s as well as stable cycle performance.

Date: 2017
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DOI: 10.1038/nenergy.2017.90

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