Economic viability of thin-film tandem solar modules in the United States

Sarah E. Sofia (), Jonathan P. Mailoa, Dirk N. Weiss, Billy J. Stanbery, Tonio Buonassisi () and I. Marius Peters ()
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Sarah E. Sofia: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Jonathan P. Mailoa: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Dirk N. Weiss: First Solar Inc.
Billy J. Stanbery: Siva Power
Tonio Buonassisi: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
I. Marius Peters: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Nature Energy, 2018, vol. 3, issue 5, 387-394

Abstract: Abstract Tandem solar cells are more efficient but more expensive per unit area than established single-junction (SJ) solar cells. To understand when specific tandem architectures should be utilized, we evaluate the cost-effectiveness of different II–VI-based thin-film tandem solar cells and compare them to the SJ subcells. Levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) and energy yield are calculated for four technologies: industrial cadmium telluride and copper indium gallium selenide, and their hypothetical two-terminal (series-connected subcells) and four-terminal (electrically independent subcells) tandems, assuming record SJ quality subcells. Different climatic conditions and scales (residential and utility scale) are considered. We show that, for US residential systems with current balance-of-system costs, the four-terminal tandem has the lowest LCOE because of its superior energy yield, even though it has the highest US$ per watt (US$ W–1) module cost. For utility-scale systems, the lowest LCOE architecture is the cadmium telluride single junction, the lowest US$ W–1 module. The two-terminal tandem requires decreased subcell absorber costs to reach competitiveness over the four-terminal one.

Date: 2018
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DOI: 10.1038/s41560-018-0126-z

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