A biomimetic high-capacity phenazine-based anolyte for aqueous organic redox flow batteries

Aaron Hollas, Xiaoliang Wei (), Vijayakumar Murugesan, Zimin Nie, Bin Li, David Reed, Jun Liu, Vincent Sprenkle and Wei Wang ()
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Aaron Hollas: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Xiaoliang Wei: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Vijayakumar Murugesan: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Zimin Nie: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Bin Li: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
David Reed: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Jun Liu: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Vincent Sprenkle: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Wei Wang: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

Nature Energy, 2018, vol. 3, issue 6, 508-514

Abstract: Abstract Aqueous soluble organic (ASO) redox-active materials have recently attracted significant attention as alternatives to traditional transition metal ions in redox flow batteries (RFB). However, reported reversible capacities of ASO are often substantially lower than their theoretical values based on the reported maximum solubilities. Here, we describe a phenazine-based ASO compound with an exceptionally high reversible capacity that exceeds 90% of its theoretical value. By strategically modifying the phenazine molecular structure, we demonstrate an increased solubility from near-zero with pristine phenazine to as much as 1.8 M while also shifting its redox potential by more than 400 mV. An RFB based on a phenazine derivative (7,8-dihydroxyphenazine-2-sulfonic acid) at its near-saturation concentration exhibits an operating voltage of 1.4 V with a reversible anolyte capacity of 67 Ah l−1 and a capacity retention of 99.98% per cycle over 500 cycles.

Date: 2018
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DOI: 10.1038/s41560-018-0167-3

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