Surfactant-controlled ink drying enables high-speed deposition of perovskite films for efficient photovoltaic modules

Yehao Deng, Xiaopeng Zheng, Yang Bai, Qi Wang, Jingjing Zhao and Jinsong Huang ()
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Yehao Deng: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Xiaopeng Zheng: University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Yang Bai: University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Qi Wang: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Jingjing Zhao: University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Jinsong Huang: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Nature Energy, 2018, vol. 3, issue 7, 560-566

Abstract: Abstract Novel photovoltaic technologies such as perovskites hold the promise of a reduced levelized cost of electricity, but the low-cost potential depends on the ability to scale-up solution-based deposition. So far, complex fluid dynamics have limited the solution deposition of uniform pinhole-free organic–inorganic perovskite thin films over large areas. Here, we show that very small amounts (tens of parts per million) of surfactants (for example, l-α-Phosphatidylcholine) dramatically alter the fluid drying dynamics and increase the adhesion of the perovskite ink to the underlying non-wetting charge transport layer. The additives enable blading of smooth perovskite films at a coating rate of 180 m h–1 with root-mean-square roughness of 14.5 nm over 1 cm. The surfactants also passivate charge traps, resulting in efficiencies over 20% for small-area solar cells. Fast blading in air of perovskite films results in stabilized module efficiencies of 15.3% and 14.6% measured at aperture areas of 33.0 cm2 and 57.2 cm2, respectively.

Date: 2018
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DOI: 10.1038/s41560-018-0153-9

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