All-temperature batteries enabled by fluorinated electrolytes with non-polar solvents

Xiulin Fan, Xiao Ji, Long Chen, Ji Chen, Tao Deng, Fudong Han, Jie Yue, Nan Piao, Ruixing Wang, Xiuquan Zhou, Xuezhang Xiao, Lixin Chen and Chunsheng Wang ()
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Xiulin Fan: University of Maryland
Xiao Ji: University of Maryland
Long Chen: University of Maryland
Ji Chen: University of Maryland
Tao Deng: University of Maryland
Fudong Han: University of Maryland
Jie Yue: University of Maryland
Nan Piao: University of Maryland
Ruixing Wang: University of Maryland
Xiuquan Zhou: University of Maryland
Xuezhang Xiao: Zhejiang University
Lixin Chen: Zhejiang University
Chunsheng Wang: University of Maryland

Nature Energy, 2019, vol. 4, issue 10, 882-890

Abstract: Abstract Carbonate electrolytes are commonly used in commercial non-aqueous Li-ion batteries. However, the high affinity between the solvents and the ions and high flammability of the carbonate electrolytes limits the battery operation temperature window to −20 to + 50 °C and the voltage window to 0.0 to 4.3 V. Here, we tame the affinity between solvents and Li ions by dissolving fluorinated electrolytes into highly fluorinated non-polar solvents. In addition to their non-flammable characteristic, our electrolytes enable high electrochemical stability in a wide voltage window of 0.0 to 5.6 V, and high ionic conductivities in a wide temperature range from −125 to + 70 °C. We show that between −95 and + 70 °C, the electrolytes enable LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 cathodes to achieve high Coulombic efficiencies of >99.9%, and the aggressive Li anodes and the high-voltage (5.4 V) LiCoMnO4 to achieve Coulombic efficiencies of >99.4% and 99%, respectively. Even at −85 °C, the LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 || Li battery can still deliver ~50% of its room-temperature capacity.

Date: 2019
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DOI: 10.1038/s41560-019-0474-3

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