Design of low bandgap tin–lead halide perovskite solar cells to achieve thermal, atmospheric and operational stability

Rohit Prasanna, Tomas Leijtens, Sean P. Dunfield, James A. Raiford, Eli J. Wolf, Simon A. Swifter, Jérémie Werner, Giles E. Eperon, Camila Paula, Axel F. Palmstrom, Caleb C. Boyd, Maikel F. A. M. Hest, Stacey F. Bent, Glenn Teeter, Joseph J. Berry and Michael D. McGehee ()
Additional contact information
Rohit Prasanna: Stanford University
Tomas Leijtens: Stanford University
Sean P. Dunfield: National Renewable Energy Laboratory
James A. Raiford: Stanford University
Eli J. Wolf: Stanford University
Simon A. Swifter: Stanford University
Jérémie Werner: National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Giles E. Eperon: National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Camila Paula: Stanford University
Axel F. Palmstrom: National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Caleb C. Boyd: Stanford University
Maikel F. A. M. Hest: National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Stacey F. Bent: Stanford University
Glenn Teeter: National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Joseph J. Berry: National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Michael D. McGehee: National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Nature Energy, 2019, vol. 4, issue 11, 939-947

Abstract: Abstract Low bandgap tin–lead iodide perovskites are key components of all-perovskite tandem solar cells, but can be unstable because tin is prone to oxidation. Here, to avoid a reaction with the most popular hole contact, we eliminated polyethylenedioxythiophene:polystyrenesulfonate as a hole transport layer and instead used an upward band offset at an indium tin oxide–perovskite heterojunction to extract holes. To suppress oxidative degradation, we improved the morphology to create a compact and large-grained film. The tin content was kept at or below 50% and the device capped with a sputtered indium zinc oxide electrode. These advances resulted in a substantially improved thermal and environmental stability in a low bandgap perovskite solar cell without compromising the efficiency. The solar cells retained 95% of their initial efficiency after 1,000 h at 85 °C in air in the dark with no encapsulation and in a damp heat test (85 °C with 85% relative humidity) with encapsulation. The full initial efficiency was maintained under operation near the maximum power point and near 1 sun illumination for over 1,000 h.

Date: 2019
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DOI: 10.1038/s41560-019-0471-6

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