Diffusion-free Grotthuss topochemistry for high-rate and long-life proton batteries

Xianyong Wu, Jessica J. Hong, Woochul Shin, Lu Ma, Tongchao Liu, Xuanxuan Bi, Yifei Yuan, Yitong Qi, T. Wesley Surta, Wenxi Huang, Joerg Neuefeind, Tianpin Wu, P. Alex Greaney (), Jun Lu () and Xiulei Ji ()
Additional contact information
Xianyong Wu: Oregon State University
Jessica J. Hong: Oregon State University
Woochul Shin: Oregon State University
Lu Ma: X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Sources, Argonne National Laboratory
Tongchao Liu: Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory
Xuanxuan Bi: Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory
Yifei Yuan: Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory
Yitong Qi: Oregon State University
T. Wesley Surta: Oregon State University
Wenxi Huang: University of California
Joerg Neuefeind: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Tianpin Wu: X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Sources, Argonne National Laboratory
P. Alex Greaney: University of California
Jun Lu: Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory
Xiulei Ji: Oregon State University

Nature Energy, 2019, vol. 4, issue 2, 123-130

Abstract: Abstract The design of Faradaic battery electrodes that exhibit high rate capability and long cycle life equivalent to those of the electrodes of electrical double-layer capacitors is a big challenge. Here we report a strategy to fill this performance gap using the concept of Grotthuss proton conduction, in which proton transfer takes place by means of concerted cleavage and formation of O–H bonds in a hydrogen-bonding network. We show that in a hydrated Prussian blue analogue (Turnbull’s blue) the abundant lattice water molecules with a contiguous hydrogen-bonding network facilitate Grotthuss proton conduction during redox reactions. When using it as a battery electrode, we find high-rate behaviours at 4,000 C (380 A g−1, 508 mA cm−2), and a long cycling life of 0.73 million cycles. These results for diffusion-free Grotthuss topochemistry of protons, in contrast to orthodox battery electrochemistry, which requires ion diffusion inside electrodes, indicate a potential direction to revolutionize electrochemical energy storage for high-power applications.

Date: 2019
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DOI: 10.1038/s41560-018-0309-7

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