Low-temperature and high-rate-charging lithium metal batteries enabled by an electrochemically active monolayer-regulated interface

Yue Gao, Tomas Rojas, Ke Wang, Shuai Liu, Daiwei Wang, Tianhang Chen, Haiying Wang, Anh T. Ngo and Donghai Wang ()
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Yue Gao: The Pennsylvania State University
Tomas Rojas: Argonne National Laboratory
Ke Wang: The Pennsylvania State University
Shuai Liu: The Pennsylvania State University
Daiwei Wang: The Pennsylvania State University
Tianhang Chen: The Pennsylvania State University
Haiying Wang: The Pennsylvania State University
Anh T. Ngo: Argonne National Laboratory
Donghai Wang: The Pennsylvania State University

Nature Energy, 2020, vol. 5, issue 7, 534-542

Abstract: Abstract Stable operation of rechargeable lithium-based batteries at low temperatures is important for cold-climate applications, but is plagued by dendritic Li plating and unstable solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI). Here, we report on high-performance Li metal batteries under low-temperature and high-rate-charging conditions. The high performance is achieved by using a self-assembled monolayer of electrochemically active molecules on current collectors that regulates the nanostructure and composition of the SEI and deposition morphology of Li metal anodes. A multilayer SEI that contains a lithium fluoride-rich inner phase and amorphous outer layer effectively seals the Li surface, in contrast to the conventional SEI, which is non-passive at low temperatures. Consequently, galvanic Li corrosion and self-discharge are suppressed, stable Li deposition is achieved from −60 °C to 45 °C, and a Li | LiCoO2 cell with a capacity of 2.0 mAh cm−2 displays a 200-cycle life at −15 °C with a recharge time of 45 min.

Date: 2020
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DOI: 10.1038/s41560-020-0640-7

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