Rejuvenating dead lithium supply in lithium metal anodes by iodine redox

Chengbin Jin, Tiefeng Liu, Ouwei Sheng, Matthew Li, Tongchao Liu, Yifei Yuan, Jianwei Nai, Zhijin Ju, Wenkui Zhang, Yujing Liu, Yao Wang, Zhan Lin, Jun Lu () and Xinyong Tao ()
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Chengbin Jin: Zhejiang University of Technology
Tiefeng Liu: Zhejiang University of Technology
Ouwei Sheng: Zhejiang University of Technology
Matthew Li: Argonne National Laboratory
Tongchao Liu: Argonne National Laboratory
Yifei Yuan: Argonne National Laboratory
Jianwei Nai: Zhejiang University of Technology
Zhijin Ju: Zhejiang University of Technology
Wenkui Zhang: Zhejiang University of Technology
Yujing Liu: Zhejiang University of Technology
Yao Wang: Zhejiang University of Technology
Zhan Lin: Zhejiang University
Jun Lu: Argonne National Laboratory
Xinyong Tao: Zhejiang University of Technology

Nature Energy, 2021, vol. 6, issue 4, 378-387

Abstract: Abstract Inactive lithium (more frequently called dead lithium) in the forms of solid–electrolyte interphase and electrically isolated metallic lithium is principally responsible for the performance decay commonly observed in lithium metal batteries. A fundamental solution of recovering dead lithium is urgently needed to stabilize lithium metal batteries. Here we quantify the solid–electrolyte interphase components, and determine their relation with the formation of electrically isolated dead lithium metal. We present a lithium restoration method based on a series of iodine redox reactions mainly involving I3−/I−. Using a biochar capsule host for iodine, we show that the I3−/I− redox takes place spontaneously, effectively rejuvenating dead lithium to compensate the lithium loss. Through this design, a full-cell using a very limited lithium metal anode exhibits an excellent lifespan of 1,000 cycles with a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.9%. We also demonstrate the design with a commercial cathode in pouch cells.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1038/s41560-021-00789-7

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