Calendar aging of silicon-containing batteries

Josefine D. McBrayer, Marco-Tulio F. Rodrigues, Maxwell C. Schulze, Daniel P. Abraham, Christopher A. Apblett, Ira Bloom, Gerard Michael Carroll, Andrew M. Colclasure, Chen Fang, Katharine L. Harrison, Gao Liu, Shelley D. Minteer, Nathan R. Neale, Gabriel M. Veith, Christopher S. Johnson (), John T. Vaughey, Anthony K. Burrell and Brian Cunningham
Additional contact information
Josefine D. McBrayer: Sandia National Laboratory
Marco-Tulio F. Rodrigues: Argonne National Laboratory
Maxwell C. Schulze: National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Daniel P. Abraham: Argonne National Laboratory
Christopher A. Apblett: Sandia National Laboratory
Ira Bloom: Argonne National Laboratory
Gerard Michael Carroll: National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Andrew M. Colclasure: National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Chen Fang: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Katharine L. Harrison: Sandia National Laboratory
Gao Liu: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Shelley D. Minteer: University of Utah
Nathan R. Neale: National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Gabriel M. Veith: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Christopher S. Johnson: Argonne National Laboratory
John T. Vaughey: Argonne National Laboratory
Anthony K. Burrell: National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Brian Cunningham: US Department of Energy

Nature Energy, 2021, vol. 6, issue 9, 866-872

Abstract: Abstract High-energy batteries for automotive applications require cells to endure well over a decade of constant use, making their long-term stability paramount. This is particularly challenging for emerging cell chemistries containing silicon, for which extended testing information is scarce. While much of the research on silicon anodes has focused on mitigating the consequences of volume changes during cycling, comparatively little is known about the time-dependent degradation of silicon-containing batteries. Here we discuss a series of studies on the reactivity of silicon that, collectively, paint a picture of how the chemistry of silicon exacerbates the calendar aging of lithium-ion cells. Assessing and mitigating this shortcoming should be the focus of future research to fully realize the benefits of this battery technology.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1038/s41560-021-00883-w

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