Gas diffusion electrodes, reactor designs and key metrics of low-temperature CO2 electrolysers

David Wakerley, Sarah Lamaison, Joshua Wicks, Auston Clemens, Jeremy Feaster, Daniel Corral, Shaffiq A. Jaffer, Amitava Sarkar, Marc Fontecave, Eric B. Duoss, Sarah Baker, Edward H. Sargent (), Thomas F. Jaramillo () and Christopher Hahn ()
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David Wakerley: Stanford University
Sarah Lamaison: Stanford University
Joshua Wicks: University of Toronto
Auston Clemens: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Jeremy Feaster: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Daniel Corral: Stanford University
Shaffiq A. Jaffer: TotalEnergies American Services Inc.
Amitava Sarkar: Stanford University
Marc Fontecave: Collège de France, Sorbonne Université, PSL University, Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, CNRS UMR 8229
Eric B. Duoss: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Sarah Baker: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Edward H. Sargent: University of Toronto
Thomas F. Jaramillo: Stanford University
Christopher Hahn: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Nature Energy, 2022, vol. 7, issue 2, 130-143

Abstract: Abstract CO2 emissions can be recycled via low-temperature CO2 electrolysis to generate products such as carbon monoxide, ethanol, ethylene, acetic acid, formic acid and propanol. In recent years, progress has been made towards an industrially relevant performance by leveraging the development of gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs), which enhance the mass transport of reactant gases (for example, CO2) to the active electrocatalyst. Innovations in GDE design have thus set new benchmarks for CO2 conversion activity. In this Review, we discuss GDE-based CO2 electrolysers, in terms of reactor designs, GDE composition and failure modes, to identify the key advances and remaining shortfalls of the technology. This is combined with an overview of the partial current densities, efficiencies and stabilities currently achieved and an outlook on how phenomena such as carbonate formation could influence the future direction of the field. Our aim is to capture insights that can accelerate the development of industrially relevant CO2 electrolysers.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41560-021-00973-9

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